Table 1. Baseline Patient Demographics and Comorbidities.
| Patients With Non-AT/AU | Patients With AT/AU | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Non-AT/AU (n=1105) | Matched Controls Without AA (n=3315) | P Value | AT/AU (n=130) | Matched Controls Without AA (n=390) | P Value |
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 14.6±1.6 | 14.6±1.6 | 1.000 | 14.6±1.7 | 14.6±1.7 | 1.000 |
| Sex, n (%) | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||
| Female | 596 (53.9) | 1788 (53.9) | 69 (53.1) | 207 (53.1) | ||
| Male | 509 (46.1) | 1527 (46.1) | 61 (46.9) | 183 (46.9) | ||
| US region, n (%) | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||
| South | 431 (39.0) | 1293 (39.0) | 52 (40.0) | 156 (40.0) | ||
| Northeast | 283 (25.6) | 849 (25.6) | 35 (26.9) | 105 (26.9) | ||
| Midwest | 239 (21.6) | 717 (21.6) | 19 (14.6) | 57 (14.6) | ||
| West | 152 (13.8) | 456 (13.8) | 24 (18.5) | 72 (18.5) | ||
| Insurance type, n (%) | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||
| Managed carea | 830 (75.1) | 2490 (75.1) | 103 (79.2) | 309 (79.2) | ||
| Consumer-drivenb | 258 (23.3) | 774 (23.3) | 26 (20.0) | 78 (20.0) | ||
| Comprehensive | 17 (1.5) | 51 (1.5) | 1 (0.8) | 3 (0.8) | ||
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||||
| Anemia | 11 (1.0) | 22 (0.7) | .364 | 1 (0.8) | 3 (0.8) | 1.000 |
| Any atopic disorderc | 252 (22.8) | 577 (17.4) | <.001 | 32 (24.6) | 65 (16.7) | 0.059 |
| Any autoimmune disorderd | 55 (5.0) | 72 (2.2) | <.001 | 8 (6.2) | 10 (2.6) | 0.097 |
| Any cardiovascular disordere | 53 (4.8) | 189 (5.7) | .285 | 9 (6.9) | 28 (7.2) | 1.000 |
| Any mental health disorderf | 143 (12.9) | 539 (16.3) | .009 | 24 (18.5) | 68 (17.4) | 0.894 |
| CCI score, mean ± SD | 0.1±0.3 | 0.1±0.3 | 1.000 | 0.1±0.3 | 0.1±0.3 | 1.000 |
Abbreviations: AA, alopecia areata; AT, alopecia totalis; AU, alopecia universalis; CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index.
a Composite of health maintenance organization, preferred provider organization, point of service, and exclusive provider organization plans.
b Composite of consumer-driven health plans and high-deductible health plans.
c Composite of allergic rhinitis, asthma, atopic dermatitis, celiac disease, chronic urticaria, and conjunctivitis.
d Composite of ankylosing spondylitis, Crohn’s disease, diabetes mellitus, Hashimoto’s disease, systematic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren’s syndrome, ulcerative colitis, and vitiligo.
e Composite of atherosclerosis, chest pain, dyspnea, heart palpitations, and shortness of breath.
f Composite of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety disorders, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and substance abuse.