Table 1.
MicroRNAs were demonstrated to modulate PD- L1 in cancer cells in recent research
| microRNA | cancer type | Efx | targets | mechanisms | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| miR-138-5p | CC | ↓ | PD-L1 | [161] | |
| miR-148a-3p | ↓ | PD-L1 | [162] | ||
| miR-15a | ↓ | HOXC4 | MiR-15a inhibits PD-L1 expression via binding to homeobox C4 (HOXC4). | [163] | |
| miR-20b-21, miR-130b | ↑ | PTEN | MiR-20b, -21, and − 130b promote PD-L1 expression via restraining PTEN. | [164] | |
| miR-152 | GC | ↓ | PD-L1 | [165, 166] | |
| miR-16-5p | ↓ | PD-L1 | [167] | ||
| miR-200b | ↓ | PD-L1 | [166] | ||
| miR-140 | NSCLC | ↓ | PD-L1 | [168] | |
| miR-377-3p | ↓ | PD-L1 | [169] | ||
| miR-34 | ↓ | PD-L1 | [58] | ||
| miR-3127-5p | ↑ | STAT3 | MiR-3127-5p induces upregulation of PD-L1 expression by regulating the expression of p-STAT3. | [170] | |
| miR-197 | ↓ | CKS1B | MiR-197/CKS1B/STAT3 inhibits PD-L1 expression. | [171] | |
| miR-155-5p | LUAD | ↓ | PD-L1 | [172] | |
| miR-320a | MM | ↓ | PD-L1 | [173] | |
| miR-let-7b | LC | ↓ | PD-L1 | [174] | |
| miR-4759 | BC | ↓ | PD-L1 | [175] | |
| miR-27a-3p | ↑ | MAGI2 | MiR-27 A-3p upregulates PD-L1 via the membrane-associated guanylate kinase inverted 2 (MAGI2) /PTEN/PI3K axis and together promotes immune escape from BC. | [176] | |
| miR-92 | ↑ | LATS2 | MiR-92 binds to large tumor suppressor kinase 2 (LATS2) which is capable to interact with Yes1 associated transcriptional regulator (YAP1) to promote PD-L1 expression. | [177] | |
| miR-424 | OC | ↓ | PD-L1 | [178] | |
| miR-142-5p | PC | ↓ | PD-L1 | [179] | |
| miR-129-5P | DLBCL | ↓ | ARID3A | MiR-129-5p inhibits AT-rich interaction domain 3 A (ARID3A) and thereby downregulates PD-L1 expression. | [180] |
| miR-329-3p | HCC | ↓ | KDM1A | MiR-329-3p inhibits PD-L1 expression and enhances response to T cell-induced HCC cytotoxicity by targeting lysine-specific demethylase 1 A (KDM1A). | [181] |
| miR-155 | Multiple cancers | ↓ | PD-L1 | [182] | |
| miR-200 | ↓ | PD-L1 | [71] | ||
| miR-let-7a/c/e | ↓ | PD-L1 | [183] |
The up and down arrows represent the up- and down-regulation of PD-L1, respectively.
CC colorectal cancer, GC gastric cancer, NSCLC non-small-cell lung cancer, LUAD lung adenocarcinoma, MM malignant mesothelioma, LC lung carcinogenesis, BC breast cancer, OC ovarian cancer, PC pancreatic cancer, DLBCL diffuse large B cell lymphoma, HCC hepatocellular carcinoma