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The action modes of quercetin in IBD treatment. Administration of quercetin provides beneficial anti-IBD effect through reshaping gut microbiota, stimulating the mucin production of goblet cells, strengthening the tight junction (TJ) of intestinal barrier, and restoring immune balance in colonic microenvironment. Nonetheless, administration of quercetin may bring about unwanted side effects through the generation of o-quinone/quinone methide (QQ) and subsequent cell toxicity.
