Table 1.
Participant Demographics and Characteristics (N = 124)
| PTSD Recovery (n = 66) | Current PTSD (n = 58) | p | Effect Size d or φ | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M or % | SD | M or % | SD | |||
| Age | 42.26 | 9.98 | 40.88 | 9.99 | .445 | d = 0.14 |
| Years of Education | 15.35 | 2.22 | 14.83 | 1.79 | .156 | d = 0.26 |
| Men | 86.4% | 82.8% | .578 | φ = 0.05 | ||
| Racial/ Ethnic Minority | 47.0% | 44.8% | .811 | φ = 0.02 | ||
| Employed | 68.2% | 56.9% | .194 | φ = 0.12 | ||
| Disability | 84.9% | 89.7% | .426 | φ = −0.07 | ||
| Percent of Service Connection | 70.36 | 26.42 | 74.09 | 25.68 | .452 | φ = −0.25 |
| Tours Served | 3.64 | 6.25 | 2.47 | 2.69 | .170 | φ = 0.24 |
| Deployment mTBI History | 56.5% | 43.6% | .472 | φ = 0.07 | ||
| Time Since Trauma (Days) | 4532 | 2391 | 4479 | 2564 | .907 | d = 0.02 |
| Combat Exposure (DRRI-2) | 35.05 | 13.69 | 37.05 | 14.08 | .423 | d = −0.14 |
| Blast Exposeda | 78.79% | 82.76% | .577 | φ = − 0.05 | ||
| Number of Blast Events | 240 | 921 | 235 | 557 | .970 | d = 0.01 |
| Minimum Blast Distance (Feet) | 238 | 730 | 364 | 1146 | .462 | d = −0.13 |
| Average Pressure Rating b | 1.06 | 0.82 | 1.60 | 1.20 | .004 | d = −0.52 |
| Maximum Pressure Rating c | 1.85 | 1.33 | 2.59 | 1.61 | .006 | d = −0.50 |
Note. PTSD = posttraumatic stress disorder; M = mean; SD = standard deviation; PTSD = posttraumatic stress disorder; d = Cohen’s d. φ = phi coefficient; disability status was rated as present if the participant was rated for any level of service connection for a mental health or physical health disability; service connection is a disability rating from 0–100% determined by outpatient compensation and pension evaluations in the VA system; mTBI = mild traumatic brain injury; DRRI-2 = Deployment Risk and Resiliency Inventory-2, Section D (Combat Experiences), total score;
blast exposed = percentage of participants who were exposed to a blast event with at least a low pressure wave, equal to a rating of 1 on the SBI pressure wave Likert scale ranging from 0 (no blast exposure) to 5 (most severe blast exposure);
average pressure rating = the average of all pressure wave ratings across experienced blast events;
maximum pressure rating = the highest pressure wave rated across all of a participant’s experienced blast events. Bold font indicates statistical significance after False Discovery Rate correction for multiple comparisons.