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. 2022 Mar 25;31(8):2046–2056. doi: 10.1007/s00586-022-07169-z

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — Integrated pre to post-spaceflight spinal MRI changes relates to changes in pain scores. For each of the partial components and the consensus components from the Use Case 2 hMFA, the subject scores were used in linear models (LM) predicting changes in VAS (post- to pre-spaceflight; ΔVAS). The resulting t statistic for each LM is represented in (a) as a heatmap. At the lumbar segment layer (consensus hMFA components), component 1 showed a significant association with ΔVAS (p = 0.011, b). At the individual levels, component 1 showed a positive association with ΔVAS at L5S1 (p = 0.022, c), while component 2 showed a significant negative association at L2L3 (p = 0.047)