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. 2022 Jul 30;12:13099. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-17443-1

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Gene expression of the pleiotropic and hub gene SPIRE2 is downregulated in non-infant skin, aged skin, and melanoma skin, when compared against expression levels in infant skin, young skin, and non-melanoma control skin respectively. Melanoma is a skin ageing phenotype. Expression ratio is the ratio of the average expression level in the cases (e.g., aged skin tissue) against the average expression level of the reference group (e.g., young skin tissue). Ratios above 1 indicate higher expression levels in the cases group while ratios below 1 indicate lower expression levels in the cases group.