Table 5.

Differentially expressed pleiotropic and hub genes associated with UV radiation exposure.

Pleiotropic and hub gene	GEO dataset study IDa	Ratio definitionb	Expression ratio	p-valuec
DBNDD1	GSE102676	Five repeat exposures to solar stimulated UV radiation/untreated	0.65	4.10E−02
	GSE44805	Melanoma skin/non-melanoma skin	0.84	2.10E−02
	GSE181022	Non-infant/infant	1.02	7.82E−02
	GSE181022	Old age/young adult	0.99	4.64E−01

^aGSE181022 controls for sun exposure by using only Sun-protected skin. The skin tissue in GSE85358 is skin aged normally, which will typically be exposed concurrently to numerous factors (e.g., chronological age and sun exposure).

^bThe expression ratio is the average expression level in the aged tissue or tissue with skin ageing phenotypes (i.e., cases) divided by (/) the average expression level in the young tissue or tissue without skin ageing phenotypes (i.e., reference). Ratios above 1 indicate higher expression levels in the cases group while ratios below 1 indicate lower expression levels in the cases group.

^cSignificant values (p-Value < 0.05) are bolded.