Table 7.

Effect of UVB-irradiation and different formulations on the oxidative stress, inflammatory and wrinkling markers in rats.

Group	Antioxidant parameters			Anti-inflammatory parameters			Anti-wrinkling parameters
	Catalase	SOD	GSH	IL—6	IL—1 beta	NF—KB	GM—CSF	MMP1	Elastase	Neprilysin
	U/g tissue	U/g tissue	Pg/g tissue	Pg/g tissue	Pg/g tissue	ng/g tissue	Pg/g tissue	ng/g tissue	ng/g tissue	Pg/g issue
NC	38.7 ± 1.14	45.6 ± 1.29	50.6 ± 1.10	14.1 ± 1.18	20.4 ± 1.2	23.4 ± 1.19	6.4 ± 0.87	2.1 ± 0.68	1.6 ± 0.85	26.7 ± 1.68
PC	7.8 ± 0.95*	12.3 ± 1.54*	17.4 ± 1.13*	40.1 ± 1.85*	46.1 ± 0.84*	55.2 ± 0.75*	29.1 ± 1.25*	9.5 ± 1.06*	7.9 ± 1.05*	51.2 ± 1.15*
T1	14.3 ± 0.92*@	19.7 ± 0.65*@	24.5 ± 1.22*@	27.6 ± 1.65*@	19.1 ± 1.35*@	36.5 ± 1.16*@	19.1 ± 1.35*@	6.7 ± 0.85*@	5.6 ± 0.79*@	40.1 ± 1.12*@
T2	29.5 ± 1.35*@#	24.8 ± 0.98*@#	29.5 ± 1.35*@#	23.4 ± 1.42*@#	29.7 ± 1.3*@#	32.4 ± 1.18*@#	15.7 ± 1.2*@#	5.4 ± 0.98*@#	4.6 ± 1.02*@#	35.2 ± 1.4*@#
T3	38.2 ± 1.64*@#a	32.9 ± 0.88*@# a	38.2 ± 1.64*@# a	16.9 ± 1.85*@# a	23.1 ± 1.06*@# a	25.4 ± 1.06*@# a	9.2 ± 1.05*@# a	3.2 ± 0.56*@# a	2.3 ± 0.65*@# a	28.9 ± 1.8*@# a
T4	12.3 ± 0.65*@#+++	15.8 ± 1.05*@#+++	20.4 ± 1.16*@#+++	32.1 ± 1.88*@#+++	23.7 ± 1.23*@#+++	40.3 ± 1.06*@#+++	23.7 ± 1.23*@#+++	7.7 ± 0.62*@#+++	6.4 ± 0.56*@#+++	44.6 ± 1.65*@#+++

NC: Negative control (normal rats), PC: positive control (subjected to UVB irradiation and received no treatment), while T1, T2, T3 and T4 received RHE, 4%-RM-LNC gel, 10% RM-LNC gel and plain LNC gel. Each value is presented as mean ± standard error of the mean (SE) for 10 rats.

*Statistically significantly different from the normal control group (P < 0.05).

^@Statistically significantly different from the positive control group (P < 0.05).

^#Statistically significantly different from the T1 group (P < 0.05).

^aStatistically significantly different from the T2 group (P < 0.05).

⁺⁺⁺Statistically significantly different from the T3 group (P < 0.05).