Table 3:
Estimates of the multivariable adjusted associations of glycemic markers and incident heart failure among MESA participants
| Adjusted Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall HF | HFpEF | HFrEF | |
| Glycemic status | |||
| Normal | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Pre-diabetes | 1.01 (0.74, 1.38) | 1.00 (0.62, 1.63) | 1.12 (0.72, 1.74) |
| Diabetes | 2.05 (1.57, 2.68) | 1.85 (1.20, 2.84) | 2.02 (1.38, 2.97) |
| Fasting plasma glucose | |||
| <100 mg/dL | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| 100–125 mg/dL | 1.09 (0.83, 1.43) | 1.02 (0.66, 1.58) | 1.22 (0.83, 1.79) |
| ≥ 126 mg/dL | 1.94 (1.43, 2.63) | 1.96 (1.21, 3.17) | 1.84 (1.18, 2.88) |
| 1 SD increment of fasting glucose | 1.24 (1.15, 1.35) | 1.25 (1.09, 1.43) | 1.21 (1.07, 1.36) |
| HbA1C | |||
| <5.7 % | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| 5.7–6.4 % | 1.17 (0.89, 1.54) | 1.49 (0.99, 2.27) | 0.98 (0.65, 1.47) |
| ≥ 6.5 % | 2.05 (1.50, 2.79) | 2.00 (1.20, 3.31) | 1.99 (1.28, 3.09) |
| 1 SD increment of HbA1C | 1.27 (1.17, 1.38) | 1.28 (1.12, 1.47) | 1.24 (1.10, 1.40) |
| HOMA-IR | |||
| Quartile 1 | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Quartile 2 | 0.94 (0.63, 1.39) | 1.30 (0.67, 2.51) | 0.89 (0.51, 1.54) |
| Quartile 3 | 1.01 (0.68, 1.51) | 1.47 (0.76, 2.84) | 0.86 (0.49, 1.50) |
| Quartile 4 | 1.00 (0.65, 1.53) | 1.36 (0.66, 2.81) | 1.01 (0.56, 1.82) |
| 1 SD increment of HOMA-IR | 0.91 (0.79, 1.06) | 0.88 (0.70, 1.12) | 0.96 (0.78, 1.17) |
| Fasting plasma insulin | |||
| Quartile 1 | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Quartile 2 | 0.93 (0.63, 1.39) | 1.19 (0.62, 2.27) | 0.94 (0.55, 1.61) |
| Quartile 3 | 1.12 (0.76, 1.65) | 1.64 (0.88, 3.06) | 0.89 (0.51, 1.56) |
| Quartile 4 | 0.95 (0.62, 1.47) | 1.14 (0.56, 2.33) | 0.98 (0.54, 1.77) |
| 1 SD increment of fasting insulin | 0.91 (0.78, 1.06) | 0.88 (0.70, 1.12) | 0.95 (0.77, 1.16) |
Abbreviations: CI, Confidence Interval; HbA1C, Glycated Hemoglobin; HF, Heart Failure; HFpEF, HF with Preserved Ejection Fraction; HFrEF, HF with Reduced Ejection Fraction; HOMA-IR, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance; MESA, Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis; SD, Standard Deviation.
Statistically significant results at p <0.05 are in bold font.
Hazard Ratios were adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, health insurance, MESA field site, physical activity, alcohol use, smoking, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, use of anti-hypertensive medication, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, use of lipid-lowering medication and eGFR.