. 2022 Jan 31;53(7):2946–2953. doi: 10.1017/S0033291721004931

Table 1.

Means and standard deviations of BPD symptoms in three samples

	CLPS (N = 731)		MIDAS (N = 3651)		Adolescent (N = 1012)
Symptom	M	s.d.	M	s.d.	M	s.d.
Intense anger	1.14^a	0.87	0.67^b	0.84	0.83^c	0.89
Affective instability	1.23^a	0.88	0.67^b	0.86	0.99^c	0.90
Feelings of emptiness	1.05^a	0.89	0.64^b	0.85	0.64^b	0.84
Identity disturbance	0.88^a	0.86	0.37^b	0.72	0.65^c	0.84
Stress-related paranoia or dissociation	0.84^a	0.87	0.26^b	0.62	0.78^a	0.86
Efforts to avoid abandonment	0.75^a	0.86	0.19^b	0.52	0.49^c	0.76
Suicidal or self-injurious behavior	0.64^a	0.85	0.31^b	0.65	1.16^c	0.91
Self-damaging impulsivity	1.11^a	0.90	0.67^b	0.78	0.96^c	0.95
Unstable relationships	1.02^a	0.87	0.44^b	0.75	0.62^c	0.81

Note: Means with different superscripts are significantly different at p < 0.05. Symptoms were scored on the following three-point scales: CLPS (0 = not present, 1 = present but of uncertain clinical significance, 2 = present and clinically significant); MIDAS (0 = not present or limited to rare isolated occasions, 1 = subthreshold: some evidence of the trait but it is not sufficiently pervasive or severe to consider the criterion, 2 = full threshold: criterion is clearly present but may be better accounted for by an Axis I disorder or full threshold: criterion is clearly present and is not better accounted for by an Axis I disorder); Adolescent (0 = absent, 1 = probably present, 2 = definitely present).