Table 2.
Prevalence and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for the association between the status of opium consumption and coronary artery disease risk factors (KERCARD-Second Phase- 2014-2018, N=9996), Kerman, Iran
| Risk factor | Addiction status | Risk factor prevalence | Adjusted analysis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | 95% CI | AOR | P | 95% CI | ||
| Diabetes (normal versus diabetic) | Nonuser | 1384 (15.9) | (15.1-16.7) | 1 | ||
| Occasional user | 107 (21.8) | (18.2-25.7) | 1.1 | 0.2 | (0.8-1.6) | |
| Dependent user | 146 (20.5) | (17.5-23.6) | 1.0 | 0.9 | (0.7-1.4) | |
| Depression (BDI<15 versus BDI>15) | Non-user | 1359 (15.6) | (14.8-16.3) | 1 | ||
| Occasional user | 74 (15.1) | (12.0-18.5) | 1.4 | 0.02 | (1.0-2.0) | |
| Dependent user | 156 (21.9) | (21.5-28.0) | 1.9 | 0.001 | (1.3-2.6) | |
| Anxiety (BAI<7 versus BAI>7) | Non-user | 3600 (41.3) | (40.2-42.3) | 1 | ||
| Occasional user | 183 (37.3) | (32.9-41.7) | 1.0 | 0.5 | (0.8-1.4) | |
| Dependent user | 287 (40.3) | (36.6-43.9) | 1.3 | 0.05 | (0.9-1.7) | |
| Hyper TG (TG<200 versus TG>200) | Non-user | 3314 (38.0) | (36.9-39.0) | 1 | ||
| Occasional user | 233 (47.5) | (42.9-51.9) | 1.1 | 0.3 | (0.8-1.4) | |
| Dependent user | 311 (43.6) | (39.8-47.2) | 1.0 | 0.5 | (0.8-1.3) | |
| Poor HDL/LDL ratio (under 0.3 versus above 0.3) | Non-user | 7523 (87.1) | (86.4-87.8) | 1 | ||
| Occasional user | 413 (84.3) | (80.7-87.3) | 1.1 | 0.5 | (0.8-1.5) | |
| Dependent user | 594 (83.9) | (80.9-86.5) | 0.9 | 0.8 | (0.6-1.3) | |
| Hypertension (BP<140/90 versus BP>140/90) | Non-user | 2514 (28.8) | (27.8-29.7) | 1 | ||
| Occasional user | 187 (37.5) | (33.1-41.9) | 0.9 | 0.4 | (0.7-1.1) | |
| Dependent user | 291 (40.8) | (37.1-44.4) | 1.1 | 0.3 | (0.8-1.5) | |
| Poor GI (GI<1 versus GI>1) | Non-user | 2095 (29.4) | (28.3-30.4) | 1 | ||
| Occasional user | 144 (41.0) | (35.8-46.3) | 1.1 | 0.1 | (0.9-1.5) | |
| Dependent user | 159 (51.0) | (45.2-56.6) | 1.6 | 0.001 | (1.2-2.1) | |
| High CPI (CPI<2 versus CPI>3) | Non-user | 468 (6.6) | (5.9-7.1) | 1 | ||
| Occasional user | 51 (14.4) | (10.9-18.5) | 1.1 | 0.6 | (0.7-1.5) | |
| Dependent user | 68 (21.4) | (17.0-26.3) | 1.4 | 0.03 | (1.0-2.0) | |
| Overweight/obesity (BMI<25 versus BMI>25) | Non-user | 5755 (66.1) | (65.1-67.1) | 1 | ||
| Occasional user | 322 (65.8) | (61.4-70.0) | 0.9 | 0.8 | (0.7-1.2) | |
| Dependent user | 378 (53.3) | (49.5-57.0) | 0.6 | 0.0 | (0.4-0.8) | |
| Low physical activity (Weekly min<150 versus>150) | Non-user | 4125 (47.3) | (46.2-48.3) | 1 | ||
| Occasional user | 233 (47.5) | (42.9-51.9) | 1.1 | 0.3 | (0.9-1.4) | |
| Dependent user | 387 (54.2) | (50.4-59.9) | 1.4 | 0.001 | (1.0-1.7) | |
The association between opium consumption and CAD risk factors was assessed using the Poisson regression model and adjusted odds ratios (according to potential confounders, such as age, sex, and other CAD risk factors, including serum lipids, level of physical activity, and level of psychological disorders). GI: Gingival inflammation index; CPI: Community periodontal index.