Figure 4. Longitudinal Cognitive Slopes for Each Biomarker Group Across Cohorts .

Models included random slopes and intercepts for each participant and covariates of age, sex, and years of education. For all cohorts, positron emission tomography (PET) was added midstudy and was therefore performed at different cognitive follow-up visits for each participant. Longitudinal cognition analyses included time points both before and after PET scanning. The amyloid-negative, tau-positive (A−T+) group is displayed for visualization purposes but was not included in statistical analyses because of the small sample size. β estimates and SE are for the interaction between biomarker group and visit date, with A+T+ as the reference group. Cognitive scores are reported as cohort-derived z scores. ADRC indicates Alzheimer Disease Research Center; AIBL, Australian Imaging, Biomarker & Lifestyle study; HABS, Harvard Aging Brain Study; PACC, Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite; PREVENT-AD, Pre-symptomatic Evaluation of Experimental or Novel Treatments for Alzheimer Disease study; RBANS, Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status.

^aP < .05.

^bP < .01.

^cP < .001.