Table. Demographic, Pathological, and Clinical Characteristics of Participants by Biomarker Group Across Cohortsa.
| Characteristic | Mean (SD) | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PREVENT-AD | HABS | AIBL | Knight ADRC | |||||||||||||||||
| Full sample (n = 128) | A+T+ (n = 11) | A+T− (n = 33) | A−T+ (n = 0) | A−T− (n = 84) | Full sample (n = 153) | A+T+ (n = 12) | A+T− (n = 35) | A−T+ (n = 4) | A−T− (n = 102) | Full sample (n = 48) | A+T+ (n = 6) | A+T− (n = 10) | A−T+ (n = 1) | A−T− (n = 31) | Full sample (n = 251) | A+T+ (n = 18) | A+T− (n = 58) | A−T+ (n = 4) | A−T− (n = 171) | |
| Demographic | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Age, y | 67.35 (4.87) | 72.17 (5.12) b,c | 66.72 (4.43) | NA | 66.97 (4.71) | 76.11 (6.33) | 78.17 (5.08) | 77.55 (6.24) | 84.06 (3.72) | 75.06 (6.26) | 74.71 (6.87) | 79.17 (6.55) c | 79.50 (7.76) d | 80 | 72.13 (5.40) | 71.97 (5.73) | 74.81 (4.79)c | 72.21 (5.73) | 70.79 (4.74) | 71.62 (5.79) |
| Sex, F:M (% F) | 95:33 (74.22) | 9:2 (81.82) | 26:7 (78.79) | NA | 60:24 (71.43) | 86:67 (56.21) | 9:3 (75) | 18:17 (51.43) | 2:2 (50) | 57:45 (55.88) | 29:19 (60.42) | 5:1 (83.33) | 6:4 (60) | 1:0 (100) | 17:14 (54.84) | 137:114 (54.58) | 14:4 (77.78)c | 37:21 (63.79)d | 3:1 (75) | 83:88 (48.54) |
| Education, y | 15.17 (3.28) | 13.09 (2.81) | 15.21 (2.91) | NA | 15.43 (3.41) | 16.08 (3.06) | 17.00 (2.00) | 16.06 (2.91) | 18 (1.63) | 15.91 (3.23) | 11.79 (2.97) | 9.67 (2.73) | 12.20 (2.86) | 15 | 11.97 (2.96) | 16.33 (2.38) | 15.89 (1.94) | 16.64 (2.34) | 16.00 (1.63) | 16.28 (2.45) |
| APOE ɛ4 carriers, No. (%) | 50 (39.06) | 8 (72.73) c | 19 (57.58) d | NA | 23 (27.38) | 46 (30.07) | 11 (91.67) b,c | 19 (54.29) d | 1 (25) | 15 (14.71) | 12 (25) | 2 (33.33) | 3 (30) | 0 | 7 (22.58) | 76 (30.28) | 13 (72.22)b,c | 26 (44.83)d | 0 | 37 (21.64) |
| Race and ethnicity, No. (%) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Black and African American | 1 (0.78) | 1 (9.09) | 0 | NA | 0 | 21 (13.73) | 2 (16.67) | 3 (8.57) | 0 | 16 (15.69) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 29 (11.55) | 3 (16.67) | 3 (5.17) | 1 (25) | 22 (12.87) |
| Hispanic | 2 (1.56) | 0 | 0 | NA | 2 (2.38) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| White | 125 (97.66) | 10 (90.91) | 33 (100) | NA | 82 (97.62) | 128 (83.66) | 10 (83.33) | 31 (88.57) | 4 (100) | 83 (81.37) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 222 (88.45) | 15 (83.33) | 55 (94.83) | 3 (75) | 149 (87.13) |
| Othere | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | 0 | 4 (2.61) | 0 | 1 (2.86) | 0 | 3 (2.94) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| PET and MRI | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Global Aβ Centiloid value | 26.59 (28.76) | 73.62 (32.52) b,c | 47.54 (33.57) d | NA | 12.21 (5.13) | 19.00 (20.52) | 50.99 (13.85) c | 43.66 (18.74) d | 10.45 (1.42) | 7.11 (4.05) | 19.35 (38.44) | 72.33 (34.33) b | 64.10 (23.26) d | −16 | −4.19 (10.60) | 21.03 (33.51) | 79.03 (38.64)b,c | 56.12 (30.07)d | 6.67 (7.95) | 3.35 (10.09) |
| Temporal meta-ROI SUVR | 1.17 (0.11) | 1.42 (0.16) b,c | 1.17 (0.06) | NA | 1.14 (0.07) | 1.18 (0.09) | 1.39 (0.06) b,c | 1.19 (0.06) d | 1.31 (0.02) | 1.15 (0.06) | 1.19 (0.16) | 1.51 (0.16) b,c | 1.18 (0.10) | 1.33 | 1.12 (0.09) | 1.14 (0.09) | 1.35 (0.09)b,c | 1.15 (0.07)d | 1.29 (0.02) | 1.11 (0.07) |
| Temporal cortical thickness, mm | 2.89 (0.11) | 2.81 (0.11)b | 2.94 (0.09) d | NA | 2.88 (0.11) | 2.86 (0.16) | 2.71 (0.19) b,c | 2.85 (0.18) | 2.88 (0.13) | 2.88 (0.14) | 2.88 (0.11) | 2.82 (0.09) | 2.86 (0.11) | 3.02 | 2.90 (0.11) | 2.84 (0.14) | 2.80 (0.18) | 2.86 (0.13) | 2.83 (0.13) | 2.83 (0.14) |
| Hippocampal volume, cm3 (% of TIV) | 0.54 (0.06) | 0.51 (0.04)b | 0.56 (0.06) | NA | 0.54 (0.06) | 0.48 (0.06) | 0.44 (0.06) c | 0.47 (0.05) | 0.46 (0.04) | 0.49 (0.06) | 0.51 (0.06) | 0.50 (0.02) | 0.48 (0.04) | 0.57 | 0.52 (0.06) | 0.51 (0.07) | 0.47 (0.07)b | 0.52 (0.07) | 0.50 (0.07) | 0.51 (0.07) |
| Cognition | ||||||||||||||||||||
| MMSE score (/30) | 28.80 (1.26) | 27.73 (1.56) b,c | 29.15 (0.87) | NA | 28.80 (1.29) | 29.26 (0.98) | 28.50 (1.17)b,c | 29.31 (0.87) | 29.75 (0.50) | 29.31 (0.97) | 28.46 (1.61) | 25.83 (2.04)b,c | 28.80 (1.48) | 27 | 28.90 (1.01) | 29.27 (1.08) | 29.17 (1.20) | 29.34 (1.04) | 29.00 (1.41) | 29.27 (1.09) |
| RBANS global cognition score at baseline | −0.09 (0.88) | −0.41 (0.99) | 0.00 (0.89) | NA | −0.09 (0.87) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||||||||||
| PACC score at baseline | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0.11 (0.61) | 0.18 (0.55) | 0.10 (0.55) | −0.02 (0.25) | 0.11 (0.66) | −0.46 (0.89) | −0.59 (0.58) | −0.71 (0.95) | −1.40 | −0.33 (0.92) | 0.00 (0.69) | −0.14 (0.54) | 0.04 (0.59) | 0.15 (0.35) | 0.00 (0.75) |
Abbreviations: APOE, apolipoprotein E genetic locus; Aβ, amyloid β; DVR, distribution volume ratio; F, female; M, male; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; meta-ROI, meta–region of interest; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; PACC, Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite; PET, positron emission tomography; RBANS, Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status; SUVR, standardized uptake value ratio; TIV, total intracranial volume.
The A−T+ group is presented for completion but was not included in statistical analysis owing to its small sample size. Age and MMSE performance were calculated at the time of tau PET. Education data were collected in ranges in AIBL, with the lower boundary of the range used in the current analyses. Years of education are therefore likely underestimated in this cohort (further details in the eMethods in Supplement 1). APOE ɛ4 carriers had at least 1 copy of the ɛ4 allele. Cognitive variables (RBANS, PACC) are reported as cohort-derived z scores.
Significant difference between A+T+ and A+T− groups at P < .05.
Significant difference between A+T+ and A−T− groups at P < .05.
Significant difference between A+T− and A−T− groups at P < .05.
Other race and ethnicity included the categories Asian, Native American, or more than 1 race.