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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jul 31.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2014 Oct 30;15(12):825–833. doi: 10.1038/nrm3903

Figure 2 ∣. Timeline of milestones in the history of mechanotransduction research.

Figure 2 ∣

Image of the front cover of the 1992 edition of On Growth and Form by D’Arcy Thompson3. Image of integrin protein structure in autoinhibited conformation (left) and active conformation (right) reprinted with permission from David S. Goodsell and the Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics (RCSB), Protein Data Bank (PDB). Image of vinculin binding to stretched talin from del Rio, A. et al. Stretching single talin rod molecules activates vinculin binding. Science 323, 638–641 (2009). Reprinted with permission from AAAS. Image of submicrometre pillar array courtesy of Nicolas Biais and Luis Santos, Columbia University, New York, USA.