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. 1999 Jan;181(2):411–417. doi: 10.1128/jb.181.2.411-417.1999

FIG. 1.

FIG. 1

His-to-Asp phosphorelay in S. cerevisiae osmoregulation. The four-step phosphorelay system involving the SLN1, YPD1, and SSK1 proteins negatively regulates the downstream MAP kinase cascade. Under hyperosmotic stress conditions, dephosphorylation of SSK1 results in activation of the MAP kinase cascade, which raises the level of glycerol within the cell to restore osmotic balance. Solid bars indicate putative transmembrane regions.