Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2022 Jul 18;13:926622. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.926622

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

Copyright © 2022 Wang, Khan, Wang, Wang, Liu, Chen and Tu

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

PMC Copyright notice

Effects of C91 on ST2 cell differentiation and mineralization in 3D modules. 3D modules were cultured in complete medium for 2 days and then switched to osteogenic induction medium. The medium was changed in half every two days. After 7 and 14 days of culture, AP staining (A) analysis and AP biochemical quantification (B) analysis were performed. (C) qRT-PCR detection of the effect of C91 in the 3D module on the expression of osteogenic target genes in ST2 cells. (D) 3D modules were induced to mineralize for 21 days, followed by Alizarin Red S staining to detect mineralized nodules. Black arrows indicate mineralized nodules. Scale bar = 50 μm. (E) is the quantitative analysis result of panel (D, F) C91-promoting osteogenesis by activating canonical and autophagy-mediated Wnt signaling. *Indicates P<0.05, compared to the 7-day DMSO group. # indicates P<0.05, compared with the 14-day DMSO group.