TABLE 1.
Different lncRNAs and their regulation in EMT of PCa.
| LncRNAs | Gene ID | Expression in PCa | Regulation method | Effect on genes | Functions in PCa | Cell lines | Molecular mechanism | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TINCR | 257000 | Down-regulated | Bind to protein | Tumor suppressor | Inhibit proliferation, migration and invasion | LNCaP, PC-3, DU145, 22Rv1, P69 and RWPE-1 | Modulate TRIP13 mRNA and protein expressions | Dong et al. (2018) |
| HCG11 | 493812 | Down-regulated | PI3K/AKT signaling pathway | Tumor suppressor | Inhibit proliferation, migration and invasion | LNCaP, PC-3, C4-2B, HEK293T and RWPE1 | Inhibit PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by downregulating miR-543 expression | Wang et al. (2019) |
| CCAT2 | 101805488 | Up-regulated | Bind to protein | Oncogene | Promote EMT, proliferation, migration and invasion | DU145, 22RV1 and WPMY-1 | Abrogating N-cadherin, vimentin expression and intensifing the expression levels of E-cadherin | Zheng et al. (2016) |
| LncRNA-ATB | 114004396 | Up-regulated | ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways | Oncogene | Stimulate EMT and inhibit growth | PC-3 and DU145 | Activate ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways by ZEB1 and ZNF217 | Xu et al. (2016) |
| LINC01296 | 503638 | Up-regulated | PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway | Oncogene | Promote proliferation, migration, and invasion | 22Rv1, LNCaP and WPMY1 | Regulate PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway | Wu et al. (2017) |
| PVT1 | 5820 | Up-regulated | Bind to protein | Oncogene | Promote proliferation, invasion, and metastasis | PC-3, DU145, 22RV1 and WPMY | Act as a sponge for miRNA-186-5p and positively regulates Twist1 | Chang et al. (2018) |
| PCA3 | 50652 | Up-regulated | Modulate proteins | Oncogene | Promote growth | LNCaP | Modulate the expression of key cancer-related genes of EMT markers | Lemos et al. (2016) |
| PlncRNA-1 | 100506428 | Up-regulated | TGF-β1 pathway | Oncogene | Promote growth | LNCaP, C4-2, DU145, PC-3 and RWPE-1 | Regulate the growth of prostate cancer cells and EMT through the TGF-β1 pathway | Jin et al. (2017) |
| SNHG1 | 23642 | Up-regulated | Through the SNHG1-hnRNPL-CDH1 axis | Oncogene | Promote EMT, proliferation and migration, accelerate xenograft tumor growth | LNCaP, 22Rv1, PC-3, DU145 and RWPE-1 | Competitively interact with hnRNPL to impair the translation of protein E-cadherin, thus activating the effect of SNHG1 on the EMT pathway | Tan et al. (2021) |
| SNHG7 | 84973 | Up-regulated | Through miR-324-3p/WNT2B axis | Oncogene | Promote migration and invasion | LNCaP, PC-3, Du-145 and RWPE | Promote EMT via miR-324-3p and WNT2B | Han et al. (2019) |
| MALAT1 | 378938 | Up-regulated | Activating PI3K/Akt signal pathway | Oncogene | Promote proliferation, invasion, migration and inhibite apoptosis | PC-3 | Inhibit EMT process and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway via downregulating MALAT1 | Lu et al. (2020) |
| MALAT1 | 378938 | Up-regulated | Serve as a ceRNA | Oncogene | Promote migration, invasion and EMT | DU145, PC-3, LNCaP, 22RV1 and RWPE2 | Compete with CORO1C for the binding sites of miR-1-3p | Dai et al. (2019) |
| MNX1-AS1 | 645249 | Up-regulated | mRNAs and proteins | Oncogene | Promote proliferation, migration, and invasion of prostate cancer | LNCaP, DU145, PC-3, C4-2 and RWPE | Promote the proliferation via regulating PCNA and PH-3 | Li Z et al. (2019) |
| HOXA-AS2 | 285943 | Up-regulated | Serve as a ceRNA | Oncogene | Promote proliferation, migration, invasion and influence EMT | LNCaP, DU145, PC-3 and RWPE | Serve as a competing endogenous RNA through sponging miR-509-3p to release pre-B-cell leukemia homeobox 3 expression | Xiao and Song, (2020) |
| PCAT7 | 101928099 | Up-regulated | TGF-β/SMAD signaling | Oncogene | Promote bone metastasis as well as migration, invasion, and EMT | LNCaP, PC-3, 22RV1, VCaP, DU145 and RWPE-1 | Activate TGF-β/SMAD signaling by upregulating TGFBR1 expression via sponging miR-324-5p | Lang et al. (2020) |
| ZFAS1 | 441951 | Up-regulated | Serve as a ceRNA | Oncogene | Promote cell viability, proliferation, migration, invasion and the occurrence of EMT, inhibit apoptosis | PC-3, DU145, 22RV1, LNCAP and RWPE-1 | Competitively bind to miR-135a-5p which targets the mRNA | Pan et al. (2020) |
| TUG1 | 55000 | Up-regulated | Through miR-128-3p/YES1 axis | Oncogene | Promote proliferation, migration, invasion, EMT, and inhibit apoptosis | PC-3, DU145 and RWPE-1 | Modulate YES1 expression by sponging miR-128-3p which interacted with TUG1 or YES1 | Hao et al. (2020) |
| VIM-AS1 | 100507347 | Up-regulated | Through regulating vimentin | Oncogene | Promote EMT, cell growth, proliferation, migration and invasion | LNCaP, DU145, 22RV1, PC-3 and RWPE-1 | Promote the expression of vimentin and further promote EMT | Zhang Y et al. (2019) |
| HULC | 728655 | Up-regulated | Unclear | Oncogene | Promote cell growth and metastasis | LNCaP, PC-3 and DU145 and RWPE-1 | Regulate the expression of N-cadherin, vimentin and E-cadherin, but the expression pattern and biological function of HULC remain largely unclear | Zheng T et al. (2018) |
| SNHG17 | 388796 | Up-regulated | Serve as a ceRNA | Oncogene | Promote proliferation, invasion, migration, and EMT and inhibit apoptosis | DU145, LNCaP, VCaP, PC-3 and RWPE-1 | Sponge miR-339-5p to upregulate signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A and therefore to cause transactivation of SNORA71B | Wu J et al. (2020) |
| KCNQ1OT1 | 10984 | Up-regulated | Serve as a ceRNA and the Ras/ERK signaling | Oncogene | Promote viability, migration, invasion and EMT and inhibit apoptosis | DU145 and PC-3 | Sponge miR-15a and release its inhibition on PD-L1 and regulate the Ras/ERK signaling | Chen et al. (2020) |