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. 2022 Jul 18;13:927817. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.927817

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Copyright © 2022 Zhang, Guo, Li, Wang, Yang, Yang, Cui, Zhou, Chen, Yu, Peng and Tan.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Differential concentration of lipid class among major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar depression (BPD), and healthy controls (HC). (A) Fatty acyls, (B) ChE, Co, DGDG, and MGDG, (C) sphingolipids, (D) glycerolipids, (E) glycerophospholipids. HC, healthy controls; MDD, major depressive disorder; BPD, bipolar depression; OAHFA, (O-acyl)-1-hydroxy fatty acid; WE, wax esters; AcCa, acylcarnitine; ChE, cholesterol ester; Co, coenzyme; DGDG, digalactosyldiacylglycerol; MGDG, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol; SM, sphingomyelin; ST, sulfatide; Cer, ceramides; CerP, ceramides phosphate; phSM, phytosphingomyelin; DG, diglyceride; TG, triglyceride; MG, monoglyceride; PC, phosphatidylcholine; PI, phosphatidylinositol; PS, phosphatidylserine; PE, phosphatidylethanolamine; PG, phosphatidylglycerol; CL, cardiolipin; LPC, lysophosphatidylcholine; LPE, lysophosphatidylethanolamine; LPI, lysophosphatidylinositol; PA, phosphatidic acid; PIP, phosphatidylinositol; PIP2, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. *P < 0.05 vs. HC; **P < 0.01 vs. HC, ^##P < 0.01 vs. BPD.