Table 2.
Results (n = 60).
| Baseline | Singing | Post-singing | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vascular function | |||
| RHI | 1.99 ± 0.10 | - | 2.12 ± 0.09 |
| fRHI | 1.88 ± 0.14 | - | *2.10 ± 0.14 |
| LnRHI | 0.63 ± 0.05 | - | 0.70 ± 0.04 |
| HRV | |||
| RMSSD | 42.0 ± 4.9 | *32.6 ± 4.0 | 40.4 ± 4.9 |
| SDNN | 54.0 ± 4.8 | *33.5 ± 2.8 | *42.9 ± 4.0 |
| Average HR (bpm) | 68.9 ± 1.8 | 70.3 ± 1.9 | *66.8 ± 1.8 |
| Blood pressure (mmHg) | |||
| MAP | 91 ± 1.3 | *96 ± 2.2 | *93 ± 1.3 |
| SBP | 128 ± 1.9 | *136 ± 2.0 | *131 ± 2.1 |
| DBP | 73 ± 1.3 | *78 ± 1.5 | 74 ± 1.3 |
| Oxygen saturation (%) | 96.3 ± 0.27 | *97.5 ± 0.22 | 96.0 ± 0.77 |
| Enjoyment level | - | - | 7.4 (1–10) |
| Observed effort | - | - | 3.7 (1–5) |
| BORG RPE score | - | - | 8.9 (6–14) |
*p < 0.05 when compared to baseline.
Values represent means ± standard error or (range).
RHI, reactive hyperemia index; fRHI, Framingham reactive hyperemia index; LnRHI, log-transformed reactive hyperemia index; HRV, heart rate variability; RMSSD, root mean square of the successive differences; SDNN, standard deviation of R-R (or NN) intervals; HR, heart rate; MAP, mean arterial blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; RPE, rating of perceived exertion.