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. 2022 Jul 18;9:825897. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.825897

Table 2.

Characteristics of hypoglycemic drug treatment studies included in this meta-analysis.

References Intervention/Control Participants/Country Subjects (Female/Male) Age (year) Weight (kg) BMI (kg/m2) Glucose-lowering drugs/Control Diabetes duration (year) Duration Design Measure outcomes
Rastogi et al. (5) Thiazolidinediones T2DM/India 15 53.1 (8.8) 69.9 (12.6) 27.3 (2.7) Saroglitazar 3.2 (1.5) 12 wks R.P.C.DB FPG/HbA1c/ TC/HDL-C/LDL-C
Control 15 54.9 (7.8) 78.0 (11.7) 28.9 (2.8) Placebo 3.3 (1.8)
Bulut et al. (47) DPP-4I T2DM/Turkey 35 74.4 ± 7.9 65.0 ± 10.1 28.5 ± 4.2 Vildagliptin (+) 11.3 ± 7.6 24 wks R TG/HDL-C/LDL-C
Control 43 79.7 ± 4.8 74.2 ± 12.4 29.3 ± 5.1 Placebo 18.4 ± 9.9
Bernard et al. (6) GLP-1 RA T2DM/Austria, Canada,
Japan, Norway, Russia, and the USA
151 57.5 (8.9) 89.6 (19.5) 31.1 (6.2) Semaglutide 1.0 mg NA 30 wks R.DB.PC FPG/TC/HDL-C/LDL-C/ SBP/DBP
Control 151 56.6 (10.1) 93.8 (22.3) 32.7 (6.9) Placebo NA
Eyk et al. (7) GLP-1 RA T2DM/Netherlands 22 55 ± 11 81.9 ± 11.0 30.4 ± 3.8 Liraglutide 19 ± 10 26 wks R.DB.PC HbA1c/TC/TG/HDL-C/LDL-C
Control 25 55 ± 9 77.8 ± 12.4 28.6 ± 4.0 Placebo 17 ± 10
Guja et al. (8) GLP-1 RA T2DM/Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, South Africa and the USA 231 57.8 ± 9.0 93.3 ± 20.0 33.3 ± 6.1 Exenatide QW 11.5 ± 6.6 28 wks R.DB.C FPG/HbA1c/ TC/TG/HDL-C/LDL-C/ SBP/DBP
Control 230 57.6 ± 10.3 94.7 ± 19.8 34.1 ± 6.6 Placebo 11.1 ± 6.1
Boer et al. (9) DPP-4I T2DM/Netherlands 13/9 63 97.9 ± 17.6 32.3 (27.8–38.2) linagliptin 1.5 (0–5) 26 wks R.DB.C FPG/HbA1c/TG/HDL-C/LDL-C
Control 14/8 62 95.3 ± 13.2 29.0 (27.4–34.2) Placebo 1.0 (0–3.3)
Guzman et al. (10) GLP-1 RA T2DM/USA,Canada,France 65 56.9 (8.3) 94.2 (22.5) 32.6 (5.5) LY2409021 12.4 (6.3) 24 wks R.DB.C HbA1c/ SBP/DBP
DPP-4I 41 57.1 (9.0) 94.0 (20.9) 31.8 (6.1) Sitagliptin 10.9 (6.5)
Control 68 57.8 (8.2) 85.7 (17.9) 31.2 (4.9) Placebo 10.2 (6.3)
Vanderheiden et al. (48) GLP-1 RA T2DM/Parkland 35 52.8 (8.1) 114.6 (21.4) 40.7 (6.7) Liraglutide 16 (12–23) 24 wks R.DB.PC FPG/HbA1c/TC/HDL-C/LDL-C/SBP/DBP
Control 36 55.5 (6.6) 116.1 (26.6) 41.6 (10.4) Placebo 18 (13–27)
Inagaki et al. (49) DPP-4I T2DM/ Japan 101 58 (52–65) NA 25.4 (4.42) Trelagliptin 6.3 (5.93) 24 wks R.DB.C.P FPG/HbA1c
DPP-4I 92 60 (53–65) NA 24.7 (3.79) Alogliptin 7.1(5.93)
Control 50 62 (54–67) NA 24.6 (4.27) Placebo 7.54(5.50)
Rosenstock et al. (15) SGLT-2I T2DM/ Denmark, France, Ireland,
Korea, Portugal, UK and USA
170 NA 90.5 ± 1.7 NA Empagliflozin 10 mg NA 78 wks R.DB.C FPG/HbA1c
SGLT-2I 169 NA 91.6 ± 1.5 NA Empagliflozin 25 mg NA
Control 155 NA 94.7 ± 1.7 NA Placebo NA
Wu et al. (15) DPP-4I T2DM/ China 34 52.5 ± 11.0 67.05 ± 8.12 24.37 ± 2.09 Linagliptin NA 24 wks R.P.C.DB FPG /HbA1c / HOMA-IR/TC/TG/HDL-C/LDL-C/SBP/DBP
Control 23 51.2 ± 7.5 65.24 ± 8.45 24.11 ± 2.28 Placebo NA
Control 23 51.2 ± 7.5 65.24 ± 8.45 24.11 ± 2.28 Placebo NA

Data are presented as means ± SDs or as a range. T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; FBS, fasting blood sugar; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP, systolic blood pressure, DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DPP-4i, Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors; GLP-1 RA, Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist; Sodium Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitor, SGLT-2I; P, parallel; R, randomized; PC, placebo-controlled study; DB, double-blinded.