Table 2.
Characteristics of hypoglycemic drug treatment studies included in this meta-analysis.
| References | Intervention/Control | Participants/Country | Subjects (Female/Male) | Age (year) | Weight (kg) | BMI (kg/m2) | Glucose-lowering drugs/Control | Diabetes duration (year) | Duration | Design | Measure outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rastogi et al. (5) | Thiazolidinediones | T2DM/India | 15 | 53.1 (8.8) | 69.9 (12.6) | 27.3 (2.7) | Saroglitazar | 3.2 (1.5) | 12 wks | R.P.C.DB | FPG/HbA1c/ TC/HDL-C/LDL-C |
| Control | 15 | 54.9 (7.8) | 78.0 (11.7) | 28.9 (2.8) | Placebo | 3.3 (1.8) | |||||
| Bulut et al. (47) | DPP-4I | T2DM/Turkey | 35 | 74.4 ± 7.9 | 65.0 ± 10.1 | 28.5 ± 4.2 | Vildagliptin (+) | 11.3 ± 7.6 | 24 wks | R | TG/HDL-C/LDL-C |
| Control | 43 | 79.7 ± 4.8 | 74.2 ± 12.4 | 29.3 ± 5.1 | Placebo | 18.4 ± 9.9 | |||||
| Bernard et al. (6) | GLP-1 RA | T2DM/Austria, Canada, Japan, Norway, Russia, and the USA |
151 | 57.5 (8.9) | 89.6 (19.5) | 31.1 (6.2) | Semaglutide 1.0 mg | NA | 30 wks | R.DB.PC | FPG/TC/HDL-C/LDL-C/ SBP/DBP |
| Control | 151 | 56.6 (10.1) | 93.8 (22.3) | 32.7 (6.9) | Placebo | NA | |||||
| Eyk et al. (7) | GLP-1 RA | T2DM/Netherlands | 22 | 55 ± 11 | 81.9 ± 11.0 | 30.4 ± 3.8 | Liraglutide | 19 ± 10 | 26 wks | R.DB.PC | HbA1c/TC/TG/HDL-C/LDL-C |
| Control | 25 | 55 ± 9 | 77.8 ± 12.4 | 28.6 ± 4.0 | Placebo | 17 ± 10 | |||||
| Guja et al. (8) | GLP-1 RA | T2DM/Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, South Africa and the USA | 231 | 57.8 ± 9.0 | 93.3 ± 20.0 | 33.3 ± 6.1 | Exenatide QW | 11.5 ± 6.6 | 28 wks | R.DB.C | FPG/HbA1c/ TC/TG/HDL-C/LDL-C/ SBP/DBP |
| Control | 230 | 57.6 ± 10.3 | 94.7 ± 19.8 | 34.1 ± 6.6 | Placebo | 11.1 ± 6.1 | |||||
| Boer et al. (9) | DPP-4I | T2DM/Netherlands | 13/9 | 63 | 97.9 ± 17.6 | 32.3 (27.8–38.2) | linagliptin | 1.5 (0–5) | 26 wks | R.DB.C | FPG/HbA1c/TG/HDL-C/LDL-C |
| Control | 14/8 | 62 | 95.3 ± 13.2 | 29.0 (27.4–34.2) | Placebo | 1.0 (0–3.3) | |||||
| Guzman et al. (10) | GLP-1 RA | T2DM/USA,Canada,France | 65 | 56.9 (8.3) | 94.2 (22.5) | 32.6 (5.5) | LY2409021 | 12.4 (6.3) | 24 wks | R.DB.C | HbA1c/ SBP/DBP |
| DPP-4I | 41 | 57.1 (9.0) | 94.0 (20.9) | 31.8 (6.1) | Sitagliptin | 10.9 (6.5) | |||||
| Control | 68 | 57.8 (8.2) | 85.7 (17.9) | 31.2 (4.9) | Placebo | 10.2 (6.3) | |||||
| Vanderheiden et al. (48) | GLP-1 RA | T2DM/Parkland | 35 | 52.8 (8.1) | 114.6 (21.4) | 40.7 (6.7) | Liraglutide | 16 (12–23) | 24 wks | R.DB.PC | FPG/HbA1c/TC/HDL-C/LDL-C/SBP/DBP |
| Control | 36 | 55.5 (6.6) | 116.1 (26.6) | 41.6 (10.4) | Placebo | 18 (13–27) | |||||
| Inagaki et al. (49) | DPP-4I | T2DM/ Japan | 101 | 58 (52–65) | NA | 25.4 (4.42) | Trelagliptin | 6.3 (5.93) | 24 wks | R.DB.C.P | FPG/HbA1c |
| DPP-4I | 92 | 60 (53–65) | NA | 24.7 (3.79) | Alogliptin | 7.1(5.93) | |||||
| Control | 50 | 62 (54–67) | NA | 24.6 (4.27) | Placebo | 7.54(5.50) | |||||
| Rosenstock et al. (15) | SGLT-2I | T2DM/ Denmark, France, Ireland, Korea, Portugal, UK and USA |
170 | NA | 90.5 ± 1.7 | NA | Empagliflozin 10 mg | NA | 78 wks | R.DB.C | FPG/HbA1c |
| SGLT-2I | 169 | NA | 91.6 ± 1.5 | NA | Empagliflozin 25 mg | NA | |||||
| Control | 155 | NA | 94.7 ± 1.7 | NA | Placebo | NA | |||||
| Wu et al. (15) | DPP-4I | T2DM/ China | 34 | 52.5 ± 11.0 | 67.05 ± 8.12 | 24.37 ± 2.09 | Linagliptin | NA | 24 wks | R.P.C.DB | FPG /HbA1c / HOMA-IR/TC/TG/HDL-C/LDL-C/SBP/DBP |
| Control | 23 | 51.2 ± 7.5 | 65.24 ± 8.45 | 24.11 ± 2.28 | Placebo | NA | |||||
| Control | 23 | 51.2 ± 7.5 | 65.24 ± 8.45 | 24.11 ± 2.28 | Placebo | NA |
Data are presented as means ± SDs or as a range. T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; FBS, fasting blood sugar; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP, systolic blood pressure, DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DPP-4i, Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors; GLP-1 RA, Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist; Sodium Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitor, SGLT-2I; P, parallel; R, randomized; PC, placebo-controlled study; DB, double-blinded.