TABLE 3.
Human-based experimental studies relating to vitamin A treatment for STGD, with PICO characteristics summarised.
| Citation | Participants | Interventions | Comparisons | Outcomes |
| Sofi et al. (225) | 24 STGD patients | High vitamin A intake | Low vitamin A intake | Visual acuity |
| Kong et al. (226) | 259 STGD1 patients | Vitamin A supplementation | No supplementation | Visual acuity |
| National Institutes of Health (232) | 40 healthy adults | C20-D3-vitamin A | – | Safety evaluation |
| National Institutes of Health (233) | 140 STGD1 patients aged 8–70 years | C20-D3-vitamin A | Placebo | Safety and tolerability; STGD lesion size; visual acuity; ocular assessment; pharmacokinetic profile |
STGD, Stargardt’s disease; PICO, participants, interventions, comparisons, outcomes; C20-D3-vitamin A, carbon-20 deuterium-enriched vitamin A.