TABLE 3.
Association between antithrombotic agents and VAEs.
| Crude model for VAEs | Adjusted model for VAEs | Crude model for IVACs | Adjusted model for IVACs | Crude model for PVAPs | Adjusted model for PVAPs | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95%CI) | p value | HR (95%CI) | p value | HR (95%CI) | p value | HR (95%CI) | p value | HR (95%CI) | p value | HR (95%CI) | p value | |
| Agent vs. no agent comparisons | ||||||||||||
| Antithrombotic agents vs. regimens without antithrombotic agents | 0.80 (0.72, 0.88) | <0.001 | 0.87 (0.77, 0.98) | 0.020 | 0.90 (0.76, 1.06) | 0.205 | 0.90 (0.74, 1.08) | 0.258 | 1.32 (0.97, 1.79) | 0.082 | 1.00 (0.69, 1.46) | 0.979 |
| Anticoagulant agents vs. regimens without antithrombotic agents | 0.78 (0.7, 0.88) | <0.001 | 0.86 (0.75, 0.98) | 0.019 | 0.84 (0.70, 1.01) | 0.068 | 0.84 (0.68, 1.04) | 0.117 | 1.20 (0.85, 1.7) | 0.311 | 0.92 (0.61, 1.41) | 0.712 |
| Antiplatelet agents vs. regimens without antithrombotic agents | 0.84 (0.69, 1.03) | 0.099 | 0.92 (0.76, 1.11) | 0.376 | 1.03 (0.76, 1.41) | 0.850 | 1.08 (0.82, 1.42) | 0.597 | 1.23 (0.67, 2.27) | 0.502 | 1.51 (0.91, 2.49) | 0.110 |
| Agent vs. agent comparisons | ||||||||||||
| Anticoagulant agents vs. antiplatelet agents | 0.93 (0.75, 1.16) | 0.530 | 0.92 (0.72, 1.17) | 0.507 | 0.82 (0.58, 1.14) | 0.237 | 0.76 (0.53, 1.10) | 0.153 | 0.97 (0.51, 1.85) | 0.930 | 0.64 (0.32, 1.3) | 0.225 |
| LMWH vs. UFH | 0.82 (0.67, 0.99) | 0.048 | 1.09 (0.85, 1.39) | 0.486 | 0.60 (0.43, 0.82) | 0.001 | 0.98 (0.66, 1.46) | 0.932 | 0.36 (0.21, 0.63) | <0.001 | 0.81 (0.38, 1.72) | 0.590 |
VAE: ventilator-associated events; IVAC: infection-related ventilator-associated complication; VAP: ventilator-associated pneumonia; UFH: unfractionated heparin; LWMH: low molecular weight heparin. Model adjusted for: age, sex, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) Ⅱ score, ICU type (general, surgical, neurological, respiratory, thoracic surgery and pediatric ICU), comorbidities or condition (diabetes, hypertension, heart failure, kidney failure, liver failure, ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary vascular diseases, malignant tumor, trauma, acute respiratory distress syndrome, shock, gastrointestinal bleeding, pneumonia, and intra-abdominal infection), cardiac surgery, cranial surgery, fiberoptic bronchoscopy examination, tracheotomy, laboratory test at admission (D-dimer, prothrombin time, platelet count, antithrombin III, activated partial thromboplastin time), daily medication exposure and processes of care (sedative, acid inhibitors, blood transfusion, mandatory ventilation, and head-of-bed elevation, gastrointestinal decompression, rehabilitation exercise) and medications (sedatives, opioids, neuromuscular blockers, immunosuppressive agent, neuroleptic agents, antibiotics, expectorants, vasopressors, intestinal probiotics and neuroleptic agents).