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. 2022 Jul 18;10:933565. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2022.933565

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Copyright © 2022 Yang, Zhao and Zhang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Underlying roles of MSCs in treating liver diseases. MSCs can be isolated from a variety of tissues that constitute MSC systems. MSCs contribute to clinical efficacy in liver diseases via hepatocyte differentiation potential and immunomodulation function. MSCs can reconstitute liver function in vivo by differentiating into hepatocytes. Furthermore, MSCs modulate the immune response and attenuate liver disease by increasing autoreactivity, suppressing Tregs/Bregs and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages, and suppressing CD8⁺ T, Th1/Th17, NK cell, and DC immune responses. MSC exosomes also exhibit immunomodulation effects by affecting the immune cell response.