TABLE 1.
In vitro and in vivo evidence of ezetimibe against cancer.
| Cancer types | In Vivo | In Vitro | Mechanisms | Dose and route of administration | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prostate cancer | PTEN-null mice | NA | Androgen↓, Ki67↓, TUNEL H score↑ | 30 mg/kg/day HFHC, p.o | Allott et al., (2018) |
| LNCaP cell-derived xenograft mouse models | NA | Ki67↓, TUNEL H score↑, CD31↓, Caveolin-1↓, fibroblast↓, TSP-1↑, SMA↑ | 30 mg/kg/day HFHC, p.o | Solomon et al., (2009) | |
| RM1 cell-derived xenograft mouse models, mTORC2−/− mice | NA | Akt↓, mTORC2↓, CPT1A↑, CD8+ lymphocyte↑ | 30 mg/kg/day | Wang et al., (2022) | |
| alone, p.o | |||||
| Urinary bladder cancer | T24 cell-derived xenograft mouse models | NA | Nanog↓, CD44↓, KLF4↓, ALDH1A1↓, ox-LDL induced-CD36/JAK2/STAT3 axis↓ | 30 mg/kg/day HFHC, p.o | Yang et al., (2021) |
| Breast cancer | MDA-MB-231 cell-derived xenograft mouse models | NA | Ki67↓, TUNEL H score↑, CD31↓, SMA↑ | 30 mg/kg/day HFHC, p.o | Pelton et al., (2014) |
| Liver cancer | PTEN-null mice | NA | TNF-α↓, IL-1β↓, CCL2↓, F4/80-positive macrophage↓, Ki67↓, PCNA↓, VEGF↓, CD31↓, Col1a1↓, TIMP- 1↓, TGF- β↓ | 50 mg/kg/day. HFD, p.o | Miura et al., (2019) |
| MUP-uPA mice, DEN-treated WT mice | NA | Col1a1↓, Acta2↓, Spp1↓, Pd-1L (cd274) ↓, Ctla4↓, entpd2↓, Ly6d↓, Afp↓, Gpc3↓, Birc5↓, Cd44↓ | 10 mg/kg/day HFHC, p.o | Ribas et al., (2021) | |
| Pancreatic cancer | PDC-derived xenograft mouse models | Patient-derived cell (PDC) | N1C1L1↓ | 5 mg/day. alone, i.p | Nicolle et al., (2017) |
| Colorectal cancer | NPC1L1−/− mice | NA | p-c-Jun↓, p-ERK↓, Caspase-1 p20↓, β-catenin↓ | NA | He et al., (2015) |
| Renal cell carcinoma | Renca cell-derived xenograft mouse models | NA | CD8+ lymphocyte↑ | 30 mg/kg/day. alone, p.o | Wang et al., (2022) |
| melanoma | B16 cell-derived xenograft mouse models | NA | CD8+ lymphocyte↑ | 30 mg/kg/day. alone, p.o | Wang et al., (2022) |
NA, not available; HFHC, high fat/high cholesterol diet; HFD,:high fat diet.