Table 5.

Substance use disorder studies.

Study	Population	Design	Substance and dose	N	Short-term results	Long-term follow-up
Bogenschutz et al. (49)	Adult subjects with active alcohol dependence	UOLS	Psilocybin (0.3 mg/kg and 0.4 mg/kg), two doses, 4 weeks apart	9	Quality of ACUTE psychedelic experience (measured by HRS, MEQ and ASC) was a significant predictor of change in drinking behavior at weeks 5–8	6 months: Changes sustained for majority
Rothberg et al. (23)	Adult subjects with active alcohol dependence	RCT	Ketamine (0.71 mg/kg over 52 min), single dose	40	Significant negative correlation between HMS score and number of heavy drinking days. Positive affect subscale significantly correlated with abstinence and daily drinking level	N/A
Garcia-Romeu et al. (34)*	Healthy adult smokers with multiple prior unsuccessful quit attempts, and with a desire to quit smoking	UOLS	Psilocybin (20 mg/70 kg and 30 mg/70 kg), two doses, 2 weeks apart	15	N/A	6 months: Higher scoring on SOCQ, personal meaning, spiritual significance, and impact on wellbeing was a significant predictor of abstinence [quality of life]
Johnson et al. (50)*	[As above]	UOLS	[As above]	15	N/A	12 months: Significant correlation observed between quality of psychedelic session (MEQ; personal meaning) and abstinence
Dakwar et al. (24)	Medically healthy adult subjects with cocaine dependence, disinterested in treatment or abstinence	RCT	Ketamine (0.71 mg/kg over 50 min), sub-anesthetic infusions	18	HMS score was a significant mediator of anti-addictive qualities

UOLS, Uncontrolled Open-Label Study; RCT, Randomized Controlled Trials; HRS, Hallucinogen Rating Scale; MEQ, Mystical Experience Questionnaire; ASC, Altered States of Consciousness; PACS, Penn Alcohol Craving Scale total score; AASE, Alcohol Abstinence Self-Efficacy; PDD, percent drinking days; PHDD, percent heavy drinking days; HMS, Hood Mysticism Scale; SOCQ, States of Consciousness Questionnaire.

*Studies with same population.