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. 2022 Jul 11;149(13):dev200184. doi: 10.1242/dev.200184

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© 2022. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.

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Fig. 3. — The skate pseudobranch is mandibular arch derived. (A) mRNA in situ hybridisation for foxl2. At S24, foxl2 is expressed in the mesodermal core of all pharyngeal arches, as well as in the presumptive pseudobranch epithelium of the mandibular arch (white arrow) and the presumptive gill epithelium of the hyoid and gill arches. (B) foxl2⁺ presumptive pseudobranch epithelium (black arrow) is also apparent on the posterior mandibular arch following whole-mount mRNA in situ hybridisation. (C) Microinjection of the lipophilic dye CM-DiI in the posterior dorsal-intermediate mandibular arch of skate embryos at S23 broadly labels mandibular arch derivatives. (D) By S32 (after ∼10 weeks of post-injection development), CM-DiI-positive cells are recovered throughout the skate pseudobranch, including (Di) within the lamellae of the pseudobranch as well as (Dii) in the walls of the pseudobranch vasculature. ha, hyoid arch; ma, mandibular arch; sc, spiracular cartilage; 1-3, gill arches 1-3. Scale bars: 50 μm A-D; 5 μm in Di,Dii.