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. 2022 Jul 11;149(13):dev200184. doi: 10.1242/dev.200184

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© 2022. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.

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Fig. 8. — Serial homology of the mandibular arch pseudobranch and spiracular cartilage with the gill alamellae and branchial rays in the little skate. (A) The mandibular, hyoid and gill arches of skate embryos each possess a shh-expressing gill arch epithelial ridge (GAER), which signals to underlying skeletogenic mesenchyme. These serially homologous signalling centres pattern the spiracular cartilage and branchial rays of the mandibular and hyoid/gill arches, respectively. (B) The spiracular cartilage and branchial rays serve to support the serially homologous pseudobranch (mandibular arch) and gill lamellae (hyoid and gill arches), respectively. br, branchial rays; eb1-4, epibranchials 1-4; ha, hyoid arch; hm; hyomandibula; ma, mandibular arch; ph, pseudohyal; pq, palatoquadrate; sc, spiracular cartilage.