Table 1.
Characteristics of participants by glaucomatous neuropathy status
| Characteristic | All | GON | Normal eyes | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number in group | 93 | 26 | 67 | |
| Characteristics of participants | ||||
| Women, n (%) | 81 (87.1) | 23 (88.5) | 58 (86.6) | 0.807 |
| Current smoking, n (%) | 6 (6.5) | 1 (3.9) | 5 (7.6) | 0.514 |
| Drinking alcohol, n (%) | 9 (9.7) | 3 (11.5) | 6 (9.0) | 0.705 |
| Refractive error, n (%) | 38 (40.9) | 15 (57.7) | 23 (34.3) | 0.040 |
| Office hypertension, n (%) | 78 (83.9) | 23 (88.5) | 55 (82.1) | 0.453 |
| Treated hypertension, n (%) | 44 (73.3) | 14 (70.0) | 30 (75.0) | 0.432 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 13 (14.0) | 5 (19.2) | 8 (11.9) | 0.363 |
| Previous CV disease | 1 (1.08) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.50) | 0.531 |
| Mean/median of characteristics | ||||
| Age, y | 61.9 ± 13.3 | 70.9 ± 12.1 | 58.4 ± 12.1 | <0.001 |
| Years of education, y | 6 (4, 11) | 6 (3, 8) | 9 (4, 11) | 0.012 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 28.2 ± 5.2 | 26.6 ± 5.9 | 28.8 ± 4.7 | 0.007 |
| Fasting serum glucose, mg/dl | 106.3 ± 27.5 | 105.8 ± 22.9 | 106.4 ± 29.3 | 0.871 |
| HbA1c, % | 5.92 ± 0.75 | 6.10 ± 1.01 | 5.86 ± 0.62 | 0.231 |
| Total serum cholesterol, mg/dl | 200.7 ± 47.7 | 198.8 ± 50.4 | 201.4 ± 46.9 | 0.813 |
| HDL serum cholesterol, mg/dl | 44.6 ± 11.2 | 47.2 ± 9.3 | 43.6 ± 11.8 | 0.042 |
| Serum creatinine, mg/dl | 0.92 ± 0.27 | 1.01 ± 0.31 | 0.88 ± 0.24 | 0.168 |
| Office systolic BP pressure, mm Hg | 141.0 ± 22.8 | 148.7 ± 26.1 | 138.0 ± 20.38 | 0.056 |
| Office diastolic BP pressure, mm Hg | 76.0 ± 8.3 | 74.4 ± 50.4 | 76.6 ± 7.5 | 0.250 |
| 24-h systolic BP, mm Hg | 122.2 ± 15.6 | 122.3 ± 14.8 | 122.1 ± 17.8 | 0.955 |
| 24-h diastolic BP, mm Hg | 70.6 ± 8.7 | 67.4 ± 8.8 | 71.9 ± 8.4 | 0.024 |
| 24-h heart rate, beats per minute | 71.9 ± 9.4 | 73.7 ± 10.5 | 71.2 ± 8.9 | 0.258 |
| 24-h MAP level, mm Hg | 89.0 ± 10.4 | 87.5 ± 12.1 | 89.5 ± 9.6 | 0.413 |
| 24-h MAP VIM, mm Hg | 10.3 ± 2.0 | 11.4 ± 2.1 | 9.9 ± 1.8 | <0.001 |
| Office IOP, mm Hg | 12.6 ± 2.8 | 13.1 ± 3.2 | 12.4 ± 2.6 | 0.385 |
Smoking and drinking habits and years of education were assessed by questionnaire. The biochemical measurements were performed by a single certified laboratory. Office hypertension was a blood pressure of ≥ 130 mm Hg systolic or ≥ 80 mm Hg diastolic, or use of antihypertensive drugs. Diabetes mellitus was a fasting glucose of 126 mg/dl or use of antidiabetic drugs. The central tendency and the spread of continuously distributed variables are represented by the arithmetic mean (±SD) or the median (interquartile range) and compared between GON patients and participants with normal eyes using a t-test or the Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test, as appropriate. To convert total and HDL serum cholesterol to mmol/l, multiply by 0.0259; to convert glucose to mmol/l, multiply by 0.056. Abbreviations: BP, blood pressure; CV, cardiovascular; GON, glaucomatous optic neuropathy; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; IOP, intraocular pressure; MAP, mean arterial pressure; VIM, variability independent of the mean.