Table 4.

The coefficients of the difference between SCMC and ASCMC and the effects of the control variables on SCMC and ASCMC

Country/Region	Once or twice a month		Once or twice a week		Almost every day		Every day		Control variables (SCMC)		Control variables (ASCMC)
	$\mathit{\Delta }$ a	$\mathit{\Delta }$ c	$\mathit{\Delta }$ a	$\mathit{\Delta }$ c	$\mathit{\Delta }$a	$\mathit{\Delta }$c	$\mathit{\Delta }$a	$\mathit{\Delta }$c	Gender	ESCS	Gender	ESCS
Albania	0.0890*	0.1506*	-0.0147	0.0971*	0.0131*	0.0974*	-0.0222	0.0615*	-0.4142	0.2905*	-0.4381	0.2900*
Australia	0.6149*	0.8200*	0.6083*	0.7594*	0.4290*	0.5595*	0.3483*	0.4642*	-0.0974	0.2415*	-0.1559	0.2563*
Austria	0.3463*	0.4723*	0.2208*	0.3089*	0.1748*	0.2071*	0.0368*	0.0775*	-0.1029	0.2453*	-0.1502	0.2536*
Belgium	0.4327*	0.6344*	0.2212*	0.4937*	0.0249*	0.1104*	0.0737*	0.0690*	-0.1217	0.3061*	-0.1541	0.3216*
Brazil	-0.0763	-0.0194	-0.0985	-0.0726	-0.0302	-0.0860	-0.0935	-0.1201	-0.2130	0.3091*	-0.1794	0.3167*
Brunei Darussalam	0.0692*	0.1372*	0.0611*	0.0061*	-0.0022	-0.0766	0.1200*	-0.0760	-0.2423	0.3401*	-0.2330	0.3542*
Bulgaria	0.0852*	0.1617*	0.0007*	0.0314*	0.0677*	0.0048*	0.0910*	-0.0170	-0.3553	0.3646*	-0.3546	0.3729*
Chile	0.2908*	0.3940*	0.1805*	0.2543*	0.1213*	0.2016*	0.1136*	0.0727*	-0.1195	0.3340*	-0.1602	0.3565*
Chinese Taipei	0.1493*	0.1924*	0.0222*	0.0670*	-0.0063	0.0098*	-0.0598	-0.0191	-0.1490	0.2890*	-0.1479	0.2910*
Costa Rica	0.1941*	0.2226*	0.1815*	0.2768*	0.1392*	0.1861*	0.0424*	0.0832*	-0.1502	0.3008*	-0.1536	0.3060*
Croatia	0.2563*	0.4219*	0.2267*	0.2765*	0.0725*	0.1310*	0.0123*	0.0864*	-0.2380	0.2228*	-0.2685	0.2237*
Czech Republic	0.3965*	0.4551*	0.2945*	0.3800*	0.1569*	0.1979*	0.0188*	0.0757*	-0.1563	0.3382*	-0.1809	0.3546*
Denmark	0.2055*	0.2159*	0.1251*	0.0857*	0.0609*	0.0930*	-0.1151	-0.0379	-0.1284	0.2384*	-0.1551	0.2394*
Dominican Republic	0.0948*	0.2028*	0.0549*	0.1218*	0.0690*	0.0672*	0.0403*	0.0952*	-0.3306	0.2792*	-0.3432	0.2853*
Estonia	0.2659*	0.4080*	0.1115*	0.1964*	0.0063*	0.0983*	0.0492*	0.0316*	-0.2125	0.2152*	-0.2216	0.2188*
Finland	0.4544*	0.5634*	0.2693*	0.3540*	0.2180*	0.2003*	0.0409*	0.1317*	-0.2487	0.2360*	-0.2821	0.2408*
France	0.2775*	0.5304*	0.0954*	0.2662*	-0.0605	0.0057*	-0.0359	0.0682*	-0.1107	0.3435*	-0.1442	0.3654*
Georgia	-0.0617	-0.1050	-0.0732	-0.1091	-0.1947	-0.1965	-0.1584	-0.2044	-0.4288	0.3096*	-0.3889	0.3099*
Greece	0.2044*	0.2456*	0.1247*	0.2014*	0.0735*	0.1045*	-0.0174	0.0083*	-0.2158	0.2429*	-0.2271	0.2617*
Hong Kong	0.1901*	0.2305*	0.0979*	0.1164*	-0.0127	0.1164*	-0.0420	0.0913*	-0.1480	0.1614*	-0.1598	0.1637*
Hungary	-0.0179	0.0928*	-0.0683	-0.0135	-0.1292	-0.1283	-0.1994	-0.2555	-0.2163	0.3870*	-0.1832	0.3850*
Iceland	0.3344*	0.3736*	0.2389*	0.2452*	0.2873*	0.2264*	0.1640*	0.1734*	-0.2027	0.1913*	-0.2422	0.2027*
Ireland	0.3531*	0.6058*	0.2470*	0.3392*	-0.0003	0.1183*	0.0231*	0.0434*	-0.1068	0.2621*	-0.1511	0.2702*
Israel	0.4642*	0.5108*	0.2530*	0.4247*	0.1712*	0.2593*	0.1062*	0.1280*	-0.2433	0.3114*	-0.3046	0.3230*
Italy	0.2991*	0.4407*	0.1915*	0.2636*	0.1360*	0.2427*	0.0627*	0.0463*	-0.1826	0.2259*	-0.2177	0.2401*
Japan	-0.0392	-0.0833	-0.2047	-0.2700	-0.2272	-0.1744	-0.3307	-0.1739	-0.0163	0.2017*	-0.0149	0.2080*
Kazakhstan	0.0783*	0.0921*	0.1266*	0.1413*	0.1357*	0.1786*	0.1138*	0.1608*	-0.2500	0.2541*	-0.2560	0.2550*
Korea	0.2310*	0.3867*	0.2011*	0.2800*	0.2074*	0.2690*	0.0427*	0.2095*	-0.0685	0.2213*	-0.0680	0.2205*
Latvia	0.0402*	0.1970*	0.0716*	0.1168*	-0.0355	0.0538*	-0.0522	-0.0940	-0.2953	0.2031*	-0.2876	0.2069*
Lithuania	0.0926*	0.2106*	0.1256*	0.1090*	0.1021*	0.1463*	-0.0312	0.0652*	-0.2641	0.2942*	-0.2751	0.3038*
Luxembourg	0.3731*	0.5845*	0.3080*	0.4332*	0.1515*	0.2466*	0.0584*	0.0413*	-0.1280	0.3085*	-0.1549	0.3274*
Macao	0.1312*	0.2314*	0.1356*	0.1810*	0.0158*	0.0470*	-0.0209	0.0628*	-0.1621	0.1277*	-0.1582	0.1203*
Malta	0.3301*	0.3411*	0.2121*	0.7113*	0.1261*	0.7233*	0.0974*	0.1801*	-0.2544	0.2163*	-0.3540	0.2358*
Mexico	0.1705*	0.3452*	0.1298*	0.2646*	0.0806*	0.1284*	0.0147*	0.1060*	-0.1029	0.3372*	-0.1138	0.3404*
Morocco	0.0701*	-0.0437	-0.0160	-0.0288	0.0005*	0.0276*	0.0098*	-0.0712	-0.2603	0.2877*	-0.2666	0.2925*
New Zealand	0.5538*	0.7096*	0.5434*	0.6968*	0.4856*	0.5804*	0.2716*	0.3991*	-0.1365	0.2547*	-0.1968	0.2655*
Panama	0.0791*	0.1838*	-0.0823	0.0788*	0.0828*	0.0063*	-0.0242	-0.0864	-0.1628	0.3432*	-0.1445	0.3731*
Poland	0.1282*	0.1857*	0.0210*	0.0746*	0.0007*	0.0137*	-0.0593	-0.0128	-0.2034	0.2599*	-0.2032	0.2723*
Russian Federation	-0.0129	-0.0430	-0.0103	-0.0085	-0.0143	0.0405*	-0.0789	-0.0818	-0.1928	0.2356*	-0.1911	0.2373*
Serbia	0.0904*	0.2110*	0.0060*	0.0709*	0.0519*	0.0534*	-0.0082	0.0549*	-0.2752	0.2607*	-0.2794	0.2652*
Singapore	0.1165*	0.1988*	0.0584*	0.1441*	0.1309*	0.1932*	0.0350*	0.1545*	-0.0408	0.2626*	-0.0563	0.2685*
Slovak Republic	0.2734*	0.3829*	0.2143*	0.3115*	0.1281*	0.1727*	0.1220*	0.1492*	-0.2363	0.3383*	-0.2651	0.3671*
Slovenia	0.4101*	0.5421*	0.3425*	0.3901*	0.2280*	0.2745*	0.0926*	0.1014*	-0.2680	0.2574*	-0.3380	0.2755*
Spain	0.4216*	0.7021*	0.3450*	0.5519*	0.2859*	0.4337*	0.1056*	0.2694*	-0.1264	0.2384*	-0.2114	0.2474*
Sweden	0.4634*	0.4819*	0.3626*	0.3915*	0.2220*	0.1934*	0.1081*	-0.0022	-0.1356	0.2240*	-0.1677	0.2390*
Switzerland	0.3176*	0.5559*	0.2833*	0.3849*	0.1282*	0.1620*	0.0153*	-0.0258	-0.1377	0.2664*	-0.1690	0.2736*
Thailand	0.0957*	0.0942*	0.0623*	-0.0015	0.0059*	-0.0075	-0.0070	-0.0740	-0.4013	0.4443*	-0.4040	0.4506*
Turkey	-0.0780	-0.0167	0.0200*	-0.0310	-0.0919	-0.1308	-0.0318	-0.1383	-0.2037	0.3011*	-0.1881	0.3010*
United Kingdom	0.5985*	0.8427*	0.3229*	0.3828*	0.1292*	0.1773*	0.0263*	0.1883*	-0.1035	0.2131*	-0.1392	0.2140*
United States	0.4366*	0.6664*	0.4878*	0.6098*	0.4894*	0.5655*	0.3778*	0.4321*	-0.1416	0.2445*	-0.1827	0.2494*
Uruguay	0.2818*	0.3894*	0.0703*	0.1825*	0.0383*	0.1870*	-0.0282	0.1530*	-0.1434	0.3613*	-0.1837	0.3615*
Moscow Region (RUS)	-0.0288	0.0797*	-0.0339	-0.0414	-0.0513	-0.0911	-0.0190	-0.0048	-0.2432	0.1569*	-0.2253	0.1640*
Tatarstan (RUS)	0.0709*	0.1052*	-0.0117	0.0726*	0.0052*	-0.0102	-0.0112	-0.0238	-0.2278	0.1931*	-0.2212	0.1947*

Statistically significant results are highlighted in bold, indicating that zero does not fall within the 95% bootstrap CI (the specific value of the 95% bootstrap CI can be found in the supplementary materials), and an “*” is attached to the value above zero