TABLE 3.
Pooled RRs of dairy consumption and total cancer mortality from dose-response meta-analyses
| Characteristic | Studies (n) | Dose, g/d | RR (95% CI) | Heterogeneity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total dairy | 10 | 400 | 1.00 (0.97, 1.04) | I 2 = 73.8%, P < 0.001 |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 1 | 400 | 1.07 (1.00, 1.14) | — |
| Female | 4 | 400 | 1.02 (0.98, 1.08) | I 2 = 72.9%, P = 0.01 |
| Fat content | ||||
| High-fat dairy | 2 | 400 | 0.94 (0.74, 1.18) | I 2 = 46.6%, P = 0.17 |
| Low-fat dairy | 3 | 400 | 1.01 (0.98, 1.03) | I 2 = 0%, P = 0.69 |
| Milk | 13 | 200 | 1.01 (0.99, 1.04) | I 2 = 63.0%, P = 0.002 |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 4 | 200 | 0.99 (0.97, 1.02) | I 2 = 32.4%, P = 0.22 |
| Female | 5 | 200 | 1.04 (1.01–1.06) | I 2 = 49.1%, P = 0.10 |
| Fat content1 | ||||
| High/whole-fat milk | 6 | 200 | 1.12 (1.01, 1.23) | I 2 = 76.9%, P = 0.005 |
| Low-fat milk | 6 | 200 | 1.00 (0.99, 1.02) | I 2 = 0%, P = 0.70 |
| Fermented milk | 7 | 200 | 0.94 (0.90, 0.99) | I 2 = 35.5%, P = 0.16 |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 2 | 200 | 0.97 (0.93, 1.01) | I 2 = 0%, P = 0.36 |
| Female | 2 | 200 | 0.90 (0.85, 0.94) | I 2 = 0%, P = 0.77 |
| Cheese | 8 | 50 | 1.01 (0.95, 1.07) | I 2 = 36.3%, P = 0.16 |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 2 | 50 | 0.99 (0.90, 1.08) | I 2 = 34.8%, P = 0.22 |
| Female | 3 | 50 | 1.05 (0.86, 1.29) | I 2 = 83.4%, P = 0.002 |
1
Milk fat content ≥3.5% was defined as high/whole-fat milk, and milk fat content <3.5% was defined as low-fat milk.