TABLE 2.
Comparison of the results from the meta-analysis of observational studies and the meta-analysis of RCTs1
| Meta-analysis | ||
|---|---|---|
| Outcomes2 | Observational studies | RCTs |
| All-cause mortality | ||
| Chronic kidney disease | 0.73 (0.65, 0.82) | 0.84 (0.46, 1.52) |
| Critically ill | 0.72 (0.50, 1.04) | 0.70 (0.50, 0.98) |
| Elderly | 0.61 (0.52, 0.71) | 1.04 (0.91, 1.17) |
| Prostate cancer | 0.91 (0.84, 0.98) | 1.19 (1.03, 1.38) |
| Bladder cancer | 0.75 (0.65, 0.85) | 0.92 (0.66, 1.28) |
| CVD | 0.66 (0.56, 0.77) | 0.90 (0.77, 1.05) |
| Hip fracture | 0.68 (0.60, 0.78) | 1.11 (0.97, 1.27) |
| Preterm birth | 0.86 (0.62, 1.20) | 0.57 (0.36, 0.91) |
| Small for gestational age | 0.65 (0.48, 0.86) | 0.72 (0.52, 0.99) |
| Stillbirth | 0.98 (0.92, 1.04) | 0.35 (0.06, 1.99) |
| Stroke | 0.60 (0.48, 0.72) | 1.09 (0.92, 1.30) |
| Sustained virological response in hepatitis C virus | 0.63 (0.45, 0.89) | 0.22 (0.08, 0.60) |
| Total CVD events | 0.90 (0.86, 0.94) | 1.20 (0.48, 2.99) |
| Tuberculosis | 0.86 (0.53, 1.41) | 0.61 (0.24, 1.56) |
1
Values are risk estimates (95% CI). CVD, cardiovascular disease; MR, Mendelian randomization; RCT, randomized controlled trial.
2
Presented disease outcomes examined with both meta-analyses of observational studies without MR studies and the meta-analyses of RCTs.