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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Pain Symptom Manage. 2021 Nov 15;63(4):457–467. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2021.11.005

Table 3.

Parameter Estimates From Latent Class Model With Two Classes

Class 1 (65%)
Class 2 (35%)
Attribute Beta SE Beta SE

Clear and timely information 1-star −1.405 0.09 −0.017 0.056
3-stars 0.401 0.068 0.104 0.052
5-stars 1.004 0.058 −0.087 0.06
Contact with family 1-star −0.808 0.081 −0.08 0.055
3-stars 0.208 0.065 0.052 0.052
5-stars 0.601 0.057 0.027 0.052
Spiritual needs 1-star −0.747 0.075 0.02 0.054
3-stars 0.219 0.062 0.017 0.055
5-stars 0.528 0.053 −0.037 0.056
Treated kindly 1-star −1.436 0.091 −0.029 0.055
3-stars 0.333 0.071 0.062 0.052
5-stars 1.103 0.06 −0.033 0.057
Asked enough questions 1-star −1.208 0.082 −0.104 0.057
3-stars 0.302 0.064 0.191 0.052
5-stars 0.906 0.056 −0.087 0.059
Quality of life extending treatments 1-star −1.443 0.088 −0.174 0.057
3-stars 0.367 0.066 0.148 0.051
5-stars 1.076 0.06 0.027 0.058
Managed pain and discomfort 1-star −1.731 0.098 −0.123 0.06
3-stars 0.501 0.073 0.137 0.055
5-stars 1.231 0.06 −0.015 0.061
Cope emotionally 1-star −1.112 0.078 −0.085 0.058
3-stars 0.355 0.066 0.184 0.052
5-stars 0.757 0.055 −0.099 0.059
Clean and safe space 1-star −1.469 0.089 −0.129 0.058
3-stars 0.356 0.068 0.248 0.05
5-stars 1.112 0.06 −0.119 0.059
Care was well coordinated 1-star −1.045 0.078 −0.034 0.056
3-stars 0.278 0.064 0.198 0.052
5-stars 0.767 0.054 −0.164 0.059
Nonmedical concerns 1-star −0.651 0.073 −0.089 0.056
3-stars 0.155 0.061 0.095 0.053
5-stars 0.496 0.053 −0.006 0.056
Preferred place of death 1-star −0.932 0.082 −0.141 0.057
3-stars 0.273 0.068 0.181 0.05
5-stars 0.659 0.061 −0.04 0.06
Costs were not a barrier 1-star −0.959 0.082 −0.075 0.055
3-stars 0.33 0.063 0.135 0.051
5-stars 0.629 0.056 −0.06 0.057
Class 1 (65%)
Covariates Beta SE
Country indicators (Ref: USA)
 India −0.253 0.126
 Kenya 0.086 0.138
 Singapore 0.257 0.131
 UK 0.371 0.133
Monotonicity tests
Failed 1st comprehension question −0.344 0.096
Failed 2nd comprehension question −1.011 0.155
Locus of control
I prefer to leave all health care decisions to the doctor. −0.165 0.087
My health depends mostly on luck. −0.284 0.098
Time since patient died: less than 6 months −0.098 0.041
Overall good EOL experience for patient 0.298 0.092
Communication challenges due to language −0.154 0.046
Respondents found choice tasks hard to answer −0.306 0.105
≤ median survey completion time −0.506 0.087
Age > 50 yrs 0.233 0.102
Intercept 0.495 0.157

All attributes were effects-coded.

SE = Standard Error.