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. 2022 Jul 28;14(1):2102878. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2102878

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© 2022 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 5. — Overlapping gut microbiota associated metabolites in neurological functions.

Individual gut microbiota metabolites have been associated with single or several neurological functions involving neuronal energy metabolism, blood–brain barrier integrity, neurodevelopment, -inflammation, -transmission, and -protection. Abbreviations: 4-EPS, 4-ethylphenylsulfate; 5-AVA(B), 5-aminovaleric acid(betaine); BBB, blood–brain barrier; GABA, γ-aminobutyric acid; 3M-4-TMAB, 3-methyl-4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate; 4-TMAP, 4-(trimethylammonio)pentanoate; TMA(O), trimethylamine(-N-oxide); TUDCA, tauroursodeoxycholic acid.