TABLE 3.
Description of doses and duration of treatment for drugs prescribed as continuous infusion
| Molecules, N (%) n=n. patients with continuous infusion/N patients with a prescription of the molecule | N patients with a loading dose (%) | Loading dose (dose/kg) | Initial dose (dose/kg) | Mean maintenance dose (dose/kg/h) | Cumulative dose (dose/kg) | Duration of treatment (days) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||
| Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | ||
| p2.5 – p97.5 | p2.5 – p97.5 | p2.5 – p97.5 | p2.5 – p97.5 | p2.5 – p97.5 | ||
| Opioids and derivatives | ||||||
| Sufentanil (µg/kg) n=6580/6751 (97.5%) | 842 (12.8%) | 0.40 (0.73) | 0.23 (0.33) | 0.27 (0.23) | 50.9 (131.6) | 6.6 (8.9) |
| 0.2 (0.2-0.5) | 0.2 (0.2-0.2) | 0.2 (0.18 - 0.31) | 16.0 (6.0–43.6) | 4 (2-7) | ||
| 0.1–0.6 | 0.05–0.5 | 0.05 - 0.84 | 1.2–314.6 | 1–33 | ||
| Morphine (µg/kg) n=3934/5213 (75.5%) | 66 (1.7%) | 32.5 (16.5) | 18.5 (28.5) | 24.6 (116.8) | 5089 (32123) | 7.0 (8.8) |
| 25 (20–50) | 10 (10-20) | 19.1 (10-27.3) | 1427 (480-4137) | 4 (2-8) | ||
| 15–54 | 5–50 | 5 - 64.9 | 113 - 26638 | 1–33 | ||
| Fentanyl (µg/kg) n=1122/1141 (98.3%) | 21 (1.9%) | 1.0 (0.5) | 0.80 (0.47) | 1.1 (0.6) | 236 (404) | 8.2 (10.0) |
| 1 (1–1) | 0.5 (0.5-1) | 1 (0.5-1.4) | 86 (25–255) | 5 (2-9) | ||
| 0.5–2 | 0.2– 2 | 0.3 - 2.5 | 4.8–1316 | 1–34 | ||
| Remifentanil (µg/kg) n=24/24 (100%) | 17 (70.8%) | 0.65 (0.23) | 29.3 (15.7) | 29.4 (15.0) | 690.5 (618) | 1.4 (0.6) |
| 0.5 (0.5–1) | 30 (30-30) | 30 (30-30) | 720 (200-758) | 1 (1-2) | ||
| 0.5–1 | 0.06 - 60 | 0.3–60 | 6.2–2033 | 1–2.4 | ||
| Nalbuphine (mg/kg) n=159/1814 (8.8%) | 4 (2.5%) | 0.13 (0.09) | 0.05 (0.09) | 0.06 (0.09) | 2.7 (3.6) | 2.6 (1.8) |
| 0.15 (0.08–0.2) | 0.05 (0.02-0.05) | 0.05 (0.03-0.05) | 1.6 (1.0 – 3.0) | 2 (1-3) | ||
| 0.03–0.2 | 0.015 - 0.18 | 0.017–0.18 | 0.2–13 | 1–7 | ||
| Sedatives | ||||||
| Midazolam (µg/kg) n=5808/6052 (96.0%) | 140 (2.4%) | 76 (64) | 46.9 (880) | 40.3 (43.4) | 8547 (32850) | 7.1 (10.2) |
| 50 (50–100) | 30 (20-30) | 30 (20-47) | 2234 (919 - 6484) | 4 (2-8) | ||
| 10–200 | 6–100 | 6.3–136 | 144 – 53928 | 1 – 34 | ||
| Clonidine (µg/kg) n=147/168 (87.5%) | 1 (0.7%) | 1 | 0.42 (0.18) | 0.55 (0.27) | 193.1 (307.6) | 12.3 (12.3) |
| 0.5 (0.3-0.5) | 0.5 (0.38-0.7) | 78.5 (29.2 - 218.3) | 8 (4-16.5) | |||
| 0.02–0.76 | 0.12–1.02 | 9.4 - 866 | 2 - 37 | |||
| Dexmedetomidine (µg/kg) n=41/41 (100%) | 27 (65.9%) | 0.05 (0.01) | 0.093 (0.09) | 0.17 (0.08) | 38.1 (38.6) | 8.9 (6.6) |
| 0.05 (0.05-0.05) | 0.05 (0.05-0.1) | 0.17 (0.11-0.2) | 24.0 (15.7-51.6) | 6 (5-12) | ||
| 0.04 – 0.05 | 0.05–0.2 | 0.05–0.28 | 1.5–133 | 1 - 25 | ||
| Anesthetics | ||||||
| Ketamine (mg/kg) N = 165/3498 (4.7%) | 9 (5.5%) | 0.9 (0.67) | 0.9 (2.2) | 1.16 (3.6) | 190.9 (498.7) | 8.0 (13.2) |
| 0.5 (0.5-1) | 0.5 (0.12-1) | 0.57 (0.3-1.0) | 33.2 (12-172.8) | 4 (1-10) | ||
| 0.3–2 | 0.04 - 3.8 | 0.05 - 3.3 | 1.0 - 973 | 1 - 42 | ||
| Propofol (mg/kg) N = 64/2131 (3.0%) | 5 (7.8%) | 1.6 (0.9) | 2.8 (2.8) | 3.0 (2.8) | 200 (682) | 3.5 (9.7) |
| 1 (1-2) | 2 (1-3) | 2 (1-3.1) | 48 (24-164) | 1 (1-2) | ||
| 1–2.9 | 0.5 - 9 | 0.6 - 9 | 1.8 - 1101 | 1 - 22 | ||
| Thiopental (mg/kg) n=18/47 (38.3%) | 6 (33.3%) | 3.5 (0.837) | 5.9 (18.5) | 6.0 (18.5) | 317 (887) | 2.6 (1.9) |
| 3 (3-3.75) | 1 (1-2) | 1.6 (1-2.2) | 48 (24.8 -236) | 2 (1-2.8) | ||
| 3–4.9 | 0.1 - 48 | 0.1 - 48 | 0.6 - 2403 | 1 - 6.6 | ||
| Paralytics | ||||||
| Atracurium (mg/kg) n=353/585 (60.3%) | 136 (38.5%) | 0.29 (0.11) | 0.37 (0.12) | 0.43 (0.2) | 38.2 (106.5) | 3.3 (3.3) |
| 0.25 (0.250.3) | 0.4 (0.3-0.4) | 0.4 (0.3–0.47) | 15.9 (9.6-32.3) | 2 (2-4) | ||
| 0.22–0.5 | 0.2 - 0.6 | 0.2–1 | 1.75–215.7 | 1–10.2 | ||
| Rocuronium (mg/kg) n=14/23 (60.9%) | 3 (21.4%) | 0.25 (0.3) | 0.3 | 0.35 (0.10) | 26.9 (30.8) | 3.4 (2.3) |
| 0.075 (0.075-0.34) | 0.3 (0.3–0.365) | 17.4 (13.2–25.2) | 3 (2–3.7) | |||
| 0.075–0.57 | 0.3–0.6 | 4.0 – 101 | 1–8.3 | |||
| Vecuronium (mg/kg) n=6/8 (75%) | 4 (66.6%) | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.61 (0.66) | 0.05 | 1.2 (0.41) |
| 0.61 (0.01–1.2) | 1 (1–1) | |||||
| 0.006–1.2 | 1–1.9 | |||||
| Antidotes | ||||||
| Naloxone (µg/kg) n=12/452 (2.7%) | 4 (33.3%) | 32.5 (45) | 6.8 (14.1) | 6.7 (14.1) | 293.1 (645.0) | 2.25 (1.8) |
| 10 (10–32.5) | 2 (0.24–6.25) | 2 (0.24–5.0) | 49.5 (8.5–220.8) | 1.5 (1–2.5) | ||
| 10–93 | 0.06–39 | 0.06–39 | 0.3–1783 | 1–5.7 | ||
| Flumazenil (µg/kg) n=9/28 (32.1%) | 9 (100%) | 0.01 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.09 (0.05) | 1.2 (0.4) |
| 0.1 (0.05–0.12) | 1 (1–1) | |||||
| 0.007–0.16 | 1–2 | |||||
Results are presented as mean (standard deviation), median (interquartile) and 2.5 – 97.5 percentile range (to exclude extreme values).