Table 1.
Study characteristics of workers in development cohort (Lifelines, n = 55 950) and validation cohort (STREAM, n = 10 093)
| Lifelines—development cohort |
STREAM—validation cohort |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Paid employment (n = 50 368) | Unemployment (n = 4628) | Disability benefits (n = 954) | Paid employment (n = 8209) | Unemployment (n = 1435) | Disability benefits (n = 449) | |
| Sociodemographic factors | ||||||
| Age in years, M (SD) | 44.4 (9.7) | 44.6 (10.1) | 42.9 (11.5) | 53.8 (5.4) | 53.4 (4.6) | 53.8 (4.6) |
| Age, years, median (range) | 46 (19–45) | 46 (20–44) | 45 (21–45) | 54 (44–64) | 55 (45–63) | 55 (45–63) |
| Gender, % male | 40.9 | 37.4 | 27.5 | 57.3 | 56.3 | 47.9 |
| Marital status (% in a relationship) | 88.0 | 83.7 | 84.2 | 78.8 | 76.4 | 74.2 |
| Educational level (%) | ||||||
| Low | 21.4 | 28.8 | 31.1 | 25.3 | 27.6 | 33.6 |
| Intermediate | 42.1 | 40.5 | 43.2 | 38.3 | 39.8 | 42.3 |
| High | 36.5 | 30.7 | 25.8 | 36.5 | 32.6 | 24.1 |
| Chronic disease (%) | ||||||
| CVD | 1.0 | 1.1 | 2.5 | 9.4 | 10.2 | 15.6 |
| COPD | 3.6 | 4.5 | 5.6 | 7.1 | 7.9 | 15.4 |
| Depression | 1.9 | 3.5 | 6.7 | 3.3 | 5.6 | 13.6 |
| Diabetes | 1.7 | 2.2 | 3.8 | 6.7 | 7.4 | 9.8 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 1.3 | 1.5 | 4.8 | 31.6 | 31.6 | 59.2 |
| Multimorbidity (%) | 8.8 | 11.7 | 20.5 | 10.4 | 12.4 | 30.0 |
| Health behaviours | ||||||
| Physical activity (days per week), M (SD) | 4.2 (2.0) | 4.0 (2.0) | 4.0 (2.2) | 4.3 (2.1) | 4.1 (2.2) | 4.3 (2.2) |
| Smoking (% current) | 17.2 | 21.8 | 24.2 | 20.4 | 26.7 | 29.9 |
| Fruit intake (days per week), M (SD) | 5.8 (1.5) | 5.7 (1.6) | 5.7 (1.6) | – | – | – |
| Vegetable intake (days per week), M (SD) | 5.7 (1.2) | 5.6 (1.2) | 5.7 (1.1) | – | – | – |
| BMI, % | ||||||
| Healthy weight | 49.3 | 47.2 | 47.1 | 35.9 | 33.7 | 29.5 |
| Overweight | 38.3 | 37.1 | 33.1 | 44.7 | 44.8 | 42.0 |
| Obesity | 12.4 | 15.7 | 19.8 | 19.4 | 21.5 | 28.6 |
| Working conditions (sum score), M (SD) | ||||||
| Quantitative demands | 4.5 (1.7) | 4.4 (1.8) | 4.4 (1.7) | 6.6 (1.6) | 6.7 (1.6) | 6.6 (1.8) |
| Work pace | 6.7 (1.5) | 6.6 (1.7) | 6.7 (1.7) | 6.0 (1.6) | 6.1 (1.7) | 6.1 (1.8) |
| Possibilities for development | 4.8 (1.5) | 5.2 (1.7) | 5.3 (1.6) | 4.2 (1.1) | 4.2 (1.2) | 4.3 (2.0) |
| Meaning of work | 3.7 (1.4) | 4.1 (1.6) | 3.9 (1.6) | 4.6 (2.0) | 4.7 (2.0) | 4.4 (2.1) |
| Influence at work | 5.5 (1.7) | 5.7 (1.8) | 6.0 (1.8) | 4.3 (1.4) | 4.3 (1.4) | 4.6 (1.6) |
| Social support | 4.8 (1.4) | 5.1 (1.6) | 5.0 (1.6) | 4.8 (1.5) | 5.0 (1.6) | 5.0 (1.7) |
Notes: Higher scores reflect poorer working conditions.
– This measure was not available in STREAM; STREAM included the following chronic diseases: heart disease, respiratory disease, psychological disease, diabetes and musculoskeletal disease. The ‘paid employment’ category includes workers who are censored during follow-up.