Table 5.
Different drug delivery systems for prodigiosin vehiculation.
| Delivery system | Design | EE (%)/DL* | Application | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
PG loaded Chitosan microspheres (40–60 μm) |
w/o emulsion technique with glutaraldehyde as a cross-linker | 67–90% / 7–45% |
Human Breast cancer | [130] |
|
PG loaded biodegradable (PLGA)-based microparticles (5–50 μm) |
single emulsion solvent evaporation technique with (PVA) as an emulsifier | - | Human Breast cancer | [131] |
|
PG-conjugated AgNPs (9.98 nm) |
a rapid one-step method based on the amphoteric properties of silver oxide in alkaline solutions | - | Human Liver cancer | [132] |
|
PG- conjugated biosynthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) (51–60 nm) |
A rapid method in presence of gold (III) chloride tri-hydrate, conjugated with LHRH peptide and addition of PG by physisorption | - | Human Breast cancer | [133] |
|
Dendrigraft poly-L-lysines PG loaded nanoparticles (DGL/CSA-PNPs) (396.10 nm) |
Synthetic placental chondroitin sulfate (CSA)-binding peptide (plCSA-BP) used to modify dendrigraft poly-L-lysines (DGL) | 81–89% / 38–40% |
Choriocarcinoma | [134] |
|
β-Cyclodextrin grafted magnetic nanoparticles and carboxymethyl chitosan-coated magnetic nanoparticles (38.2–121.1 nm) |
Two-step synthesis by co-precipitation of ferrous and ferric salts in a carboxymethylated β-Cyclodextrin. Single-step synthesis of chitosan-coated Fe3O4. PG loaded via inclusion complexation and adsorption |
81–92% / 56–59 mg per 100 mg MNPs |
Human Breast cancer/Human Liver cancer | [136] |
|
PG nanomicelles (223.8/217.1 nm) |
Microbial fermentation in presence of Tween 80 | - |
Antimicrobial against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli |
[19,137] |
|
κ-carrageenan and maltodextrin PG loaded microparticles (0.5–5 µm) |
Spray-dried technique with κ-carrageenan and maltodextrin as encapsulation agents | - | Enhanced the natural pigment’s properties as a colorant | [138] |
| PG loaded P(NIPA)-based hydrogels, P(NIPA-co-AM), and P(NIPA-co-BMA) | P(NIPA)-based hydrogels were prepared by free-radical polymerization |
- | Human Breast cancer | [141,142] |
|
Hybrid composite nanofibers (1–1.4 μm) |
Developed by electrospinning with PLGA, gelatin, pluronic F127, and PG | 54%/ 3.60 mg mL−1 of PLGA/Ge-F127/PG |
Human Breast cancer | [145] |
|
PDMS implantable packages (2–4 mm) |
PDMS packages containing PG-storing hydrogel (PNIPA and co-monomers of AM and BMA) | - | Human Breast cancer | [146,147] |
* EE (Encapsulation efficiency) / DL (Drug loading)