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The paradigms of five hybrid algorithms. (A) pGAPSO-I: the best 50% individuals were assigned to GA; (B) pGAPSO-II: the best 20% individuals were allocated to PSO; (C) pGAPSO-III: the individuals were randomly distributed to GA and PSO with equal chance; (D) sPSOGA: PSO was first executed and then GA was applied; (E) sGAPSO: GA was implemented before PSO.
