TABLE 2—
Characteristics of Individuals Incarcerated in a State Prison When Diagnosed With Tuberculosis (TB), by Cluster Status: United States, 2011–2019
| Characteristic | Nondesignated Casesa (n = 144), No. (%) | Nonclustered Cases (n = 288), No. (%) | Clustered Cases (n = 134), No. (%) |
| Male sex | 136 (94.4) | 274 (95.1) | 134 (100.0) |
| US-born | 125 (86.8) | 227 (78.8) | 132 (98.5) |
| Age group, y | |||
| 15–24 | 12 (8.3) | 31 (10.8) | 10 (7.5) |
| 25–44 | 68 (47.2) | 132 (45.8) | 71 (53.0) |
| 45–64 | 52 (36.1) | 104 (36.1) | 47 (35.1) |
| ≥ 65 | 12 (8.3) | 21 (7.3) | 6 (4.5) |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| Hispanic | 32 (22.2) | 84 (29.2) | 35 (26.1) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 67 (46.5) | 113 (39.2) | 76 (56.7) |
| Non-Hispanic White | 32 (22.2) | 66 (22.9) | 23 (17.2) |
| Non-Hispanic other | 13 (9.0) | 25 (8.7) | 0 (0.0) |
| Social characteristicsb | |||
| Excessive alcohol use | 15 (10.4) | 47 (16.4) | 2 (1.5) |
| Injection drug use | 8 (5.6) | 20 (7.0) | 3 (2.2) |
| Noninjection drug use | 25 (17.4) | 55 (19.2) | 12 (9.0) |
| Homelessness | 10 (6.9) | 21 (7.3) | 1 (0.8) |
| Known TB risk factors | |||
| Previous episode of TB | 6 (4.2) | 15 (5.2) | 3 (2.2) |
| Incomplete treatment of latent TB infection | 6 (4.2) | 19 (6.6) | 2 (1.5) |
| Documented TB exposure in past 2 y | 18 (12.5) | 30 (10.4) | 22 (16.4) |
| Method of diagnosis | |||
| Culture, NAAT, or acid-fast bacilli smear | 51 (35.4) | 288 (100.0) | 134 (100.0) |
| Clinical or provider diagnosis | 93 (64.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Chest radiograph performed | 138 (95.8) | 270 (93.8) | 123 (91.8) |
| Clinical characteristics | |||
| Lung cavity visible on chest radiographc | 36 (30.8) | 64 (23.7) | 26 (21.1) |
| Pulmonary TB involvement | 116 (80.6) | 241 (83.7) | 108 (80.6) |
| Sputum smear tested for acid-fast bacilli | 122 (84.7) | 236 (81.9) | 94 (70.2) |
| Positive acid-fast bacilli smeard | 21 (14.6) | 125 (53.0) | 48 (51.1) |
| HIV coinfection | 13 (9.0) | 30 (10.4) | 2 (1.5) |
| Multidrug-resistant TB | 0 (0.0) | 4 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) |
| Patient outcomee | |||
| Treatment completedf | 104 (85.3) | 207 (88.1) | 87 (89.7) |
| Deceasedg | 10 (7.9) | 12 (5.0) | 3 (3.0) |
Note. NAAT = nucleic acid amplification test.
Characteristic counts and percentages for 144 cases in which a cluster designation could not be made.
Counts and percentages are for presence of a risk factor and are based on self-report of the risk factor during the 12 months before diagnosis.
Percentages are based on individuals with chest radiographs performed.
Percentages are based on cases reported to surveillance as involving a sputum smear test. After rereviewing medical records during 2021, the Texas Department of State Health Services and the Texas Department of Criminal Justice identified sputum smear results for 13 additional cases initially reported to surveillance during 2015–2019 as not involving a smear test.
Numbers and percentages are based on cases with complete data on patient outcome and 2 years of follow-up (i.e., cases reported during 2011–2017) so that patient outcome could be documented in the 2011–2019 data set.
Denominators exclude 53 nonclustered cases and 37 clustered cases with incomplete data on treatment outcome.
Denominators exclude 47 nonclustered cases and 35 clustered cases with incomplete data on death during treatment. An additional 2 nonclustered cases among patients who died before diagnosis were also excluded because they were reported during 2018–2019.