Figure 1.

Immunization, biopanning, and identification of SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD-specific nanobodies. (a) The schedule of camel immunization. (b) SDS-PAGE analysis of SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD-His. (c) The titer of antisera was evaluated after immunization. (d) The details of enrichment in each round of biopanning. (e) All the ratio values of the colonies identified by PE-ELISA. Evaluation of neutralizing and the process development of neutralizing antibody (f–h). (f) 50% ND₅₀ of Nb11-59 was calculated by mean value ± SD. (g) Schematic diagram shows the structures of Nb11-59. (h) The yield and wet cell weight of Nb11-59 in fermentation tank with continuous induction times.