TABLE 2.

The significantly different serum metabolites between saline (Con) and fresh rumen fluid (FR), saline (Con) and sterilized rumen fluid (SR) cows.

Superclass	Metabolites	FR vs. Con		SR vs. Con		SR vs. FR
		FC1	P-value	FC1	P-value	FC1	P-value
Amino acid	L-Arginine	0.76	0.013	0.47	0.003
	L-Methionine	0.82	0.006	0.78	0.034	0.68	0.009
	L-Proline	0.46	0.006
	L-Glutamine	0.68	0.010
	L-Serine			0.81	0.015	0.73	0.005
	N-Acetylornithine			0.77	0.034
Tryptophan and derivatives	IAA	0.62	0.005	0.64	0.019	0.64	0.030
	Tryptophan	0.84	0.032	0.72	0.008
	TMAO	0.80	<0.001
Bile acids	GCA	0.56	0.006
	GCDCA	0.67	0.012
	TCDCA	0.64	0.007
	TLCA	0.56	0.012
	TUDCA	0.53	0.010
Lipids	Stearic acid	0.71	0.041	0.64	0.010
	Nervonic acid	0.66	0.044	0.61	0.009
	Salicylic acid			0.61	0.016	0.44	0.014
	Myristic acid			1.29	0.036	1.50	0.022
Fatty acids	Linoleic acid	0.63	0.029	0.74	0.030
	Oleic acid	0.57	0.010	0.68	0.028
	Palmitic acid	0.74	0.018	0.87	0.004
Energy	Oxoglutaric acid			1.29	0.029

¹FC, fold change; IAA, indoleacetic acid; TMAO, trimethylamine N-oxide; GCA, glycocholic acid; GDCA, glycodeoxycholic acid; TCDCA, taurochenodeoxycholate; TLCA, taurolithocholic acid; TUDCA,; tauroursodeoxycholic; Con, saline; FR, fresh rumen fluid; SR, sterilized rumen fluid.