Table 4.
Comparisons of spot urine osmolality according to conditions of demographics, comorbidities, and medication use.
| sUOsm, mOsm/kg Mean ± SD |
P value | |
|---|---|---|
| Sex | ||
| Male vs. female | 682.1 ± 256.9 vs. 609.0 ± 270.4 | <0.001 |
| Races | ||
| Mexican American | 694.5 ± 261.9 | <0.001a |
| Other Hispanic | 655.7 ± 268.9 | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 611.9 ± 261.6 | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 709.9 ± 253.8 | |
| Non-Hispanic Asian | 600.5 ± 269.9 | |
| Other races | 682.5 ± 259.9 | |
| African American (yes vs. no) | 709.9 ± 253.8 vs. 630.5 ± 266.3 | <0.001 |
| Comorbidities (yes vs. no) | ||
| Hypertension | 622.8 ± 223.2 vs. 658.1 ± 277.8 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 627.1 ± 222.6 vs. 652.1 ± 270.7 | 0.043 |
| Coronary artery disease | 631.8 ± 214.8 vs. 650.0 ± 267.7 | 0.325 |
| Congestive heart failure | 612.1 ± 227.2 vs. 649.9 ± 266.2 | 0.262 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 566.2 ± 247.4 vs. 651.3 ± 265.7 | 0.004 |
| Active liver disease | 621.7 ± 249.9 vs. 649.7 ± 265.8 | 0.430 |
| Cancer | 576.8 ± 231.7 vs. 654.2 ± 267.0 | <0.001 |
| Medication use (yes vs. no) | ||
| ACEI/ARB | 617.1 ± 214.7 vs. 654.6 ± 272.8 | 0.001 |
| β-Adrenergic blocker | 582.3 ± 211.1 vs. 654.8 ± 268.9 | <0.001 |
| Calcium channel blocker | 597.5 ± 192.8 vs. 652.7 ± 269.4 | <0.001 |
| Diuretics | 588.4 ± 212.6 vs. 654.8 ± 269.2 | <0.001 |
| Other antihypertensives | 607.5 ± 192.8 vs. 650.3 ± 267.2 | 0.046 |
Abbreviations: ACEI: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin II receptor blocker; sOsm: spot urine osmolality. aAs indicated, a comparison for the means among the various ethnic groups is performed using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) along with the Bonferroni method as the post hoc test.