Table 6.

Effect of 25(OH)D sufficient versus insufficient on Tic, OCD and ADHD symptom severity

Dependent variablea	β	SE	95% CI	p
Tic Severity
YGTSS:Total	0.85	0.91	− 0.94 to 2.64	0.35
YGTSS Motor	0.19	0.52	− 0.83 to 1.21	0.71
YGTSS Vocal	0.45	0.62	− 0.77 to 1.66	0.72
CGI	− 0.10	0.11	− 0.32 to 0.11	0.34
OCD
CYBOCs Total	− 0.39	0.90	− 2.16 to 1.39	0.67
CYBOCs Obsessions	0.02	0.49	− 0.52 to 1.40	0.37
CYBOCs Compulsions	− 0.45	0.62	− 1.67 to 0.77	0.47
ADHD
DSM-IV-TR Total	− 1.25	0.61	− 2.05 to − 0.05	0.04*
DSM-IV-TR Inattentive	− 0.72	0.36	− 1.43 to − 0.01	0.05*
DSM-IV-TR	− 0.46	0.31	− 1.06 to − 0.15	0.14
Hyperactive/Impulsive
SNAP Total	− 4.21	1.49	− 7.14 to 1.28	0.01*
SNAP Inattentive	− 3.14	0.80	− 4.73 to − 1.55	< 0.01*
SNAP Hyperactive/Impulsive	− 1.39	0.79	− 2.94 to 0.16	0.08

^aThe dependent variable is the presence of CTD, tic onset, OCD, or ADHD and the primary predictor variable is a binary measure of 25(OH)D insufficiency/sufficiency, where adjusted 25(OH)D insufficiency (≤ 20 ng/ml) = 0 and sufficiency (> 20 ng/ml) = 1. β coefficients were calculated for the difference between insufficiency (≤ 20 ng/ml) and sufficiency (> 20 ng/ml), i.e., SNAP-total score was less severe (β – 4.21) in those with sufficient compared to those with insufficient 25(OH)D. Sex, age, and comorbidity, other than that being tested, were also entered as covariates

YGTSS Yale Global Tic Severity Scale 0, OCD obsessive–compulsive disorder, CY-BOCs Children’s Yale-Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale, ADHD attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, DSM-IV-TR diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 4th ed., text revision, SNAP-IV Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Questionnaire IV

*The significant difference with p < 0.05