TABLE 3.
Characteristics of those with high, moderate and low degree of agreement between self‐report and documented influenza vaccination among participating healthcare personnel (N = 613)—2018–2019 to 2019–2020
| Characteristic | High degree of agreement a (N = 453) | Moderate degree of agreement a (N = 79) | Low degree of agreement a (N = 81) | P value b | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | (95% CI) | N | % | (95% CI) | N | % | (95% CI) | ||
| Study site | 0.18 | |||||||||
| Baylor Scott & White Health System | 199 | 43.9 | (39.3, 48.5) | 33 | 41.8 | (30.9, 52.7) | 44 | 54.3 | (43.4, 65.2) | |
| Kaiser Permanente Northwest | 254 | 56.1 | (51.5, 60.7) | 46 | 58.2 | (47.3., 69.1) | 37 | 45.7 | (34.8, 56.5) | |
| Age in years, mean (SD) | — | 47.2 | (9.5) | — | 48.3 | (9.1) | — | 45.2 | (10.0) | 0.15 |
| Age group | 0.41 | |||||||||
| 18–44 years | 168 | 37.1 | (32.6, 41.5) | 28 | 35.4 | (24.9, 46.0) | 36 | 44.4 | (33.6, 55.3) | |
| 45–64 years | 285 | 62.9 | (58.5, 67.4) | 51 | 64.5 | (54.0, 75.1) | 45 | 55.5 | (44.7, 66.4) | |
| Sex c | 0.14 | |||||||||
| Male | 78 | 17.2 | (13.7, 20.7) | 14 | 17.9 | (9.4, 26.5) | 15 | 18.5 | (10.0, 27.0) | |
| Female | 375 | 82.8 | (72.3, 86.3) | 64 | 82.1 | (73.5, 90.6) | 66 | 81.5 | (73.0, 90.0) | |
| Race/ethnicity c | 0.11 | |||||||||
| White, non‐Hispanic | 361 | 80.0 | (76.3, 83.7) | 57 | 74.0 | (64.2, 83.8) | 59 | 72.8 | (63.1, 82.5) | |
| Black, non‐Hispanic | 13 | 2.9 | (1.3, 4.4) | 3 | 3.9 | (0.0, 8.2) | 8 | 9.9 | (3.4, 16.4) | |
| Hispanic | 45 | 10.0 | (7.2, 12.7) | 10 | 13.0 | (5.5, 20.5) | 9 | 11.1 | (4.2, 18.0) | |
| Other race, non‐Hispanic | 32 | 7.1 | (4.7, 9.5) | 7 | 9.1 | (2.7, 15.5) | 5 | 6.2 | (0.9, 11.4) | |
| Educational attainment | 0.52 | |||||||||
| High school or less | 20 | 4.4 | (2.5, 6.3) | 2 | 2.5 | (0.0, 6.0) | 4 | 4.9 | (0.2, 9.7) | |
| Some college/associate's degree | 168 | 37.1 | (32.6, 41.5) | 36 | 45.6 | (34.5, 56.6) | 36 | 44.4 | (33.6, 55.3) | |
| Bachelor's degree | 120 | 26.5 | (22.4, 30.6) | 19 | 24.1 | (14.6, 33.5) | 23 | 28.4 | (18.5, 38.2) | |
| Graduate degree | 145 | 32.0 | (27.7, 36.3) | 22 | 27.8 | (17.9, 37.8) | 18 | 22.2 | (13.1, 31.3) | |
| Average number of household contacts, mean (SD) | — | 2.1 | (1.3) | — | 2.0 | (1.3) | — | 2.0 | (1.3) | 0.40 |
| Health characteristics | ||||||||||
| BMI, mean (SD) | — | 28.6 | (6.7) | — | 27.9 | (5.7) | — | 31.2 | (8.2) | 0.03 |
| Cigarette smoker | 17 | 3.7 | (2.0, 5.5) | 5 | 6.3 | (0.9, 11.7) | 2 | 2.5 | (0.0, 5.9) | 0.43 |
| Diagnosed or treated for chronic medical condition in past 12 months | 111 | 24.5 | (20.5, 28.5) | 19 | 24.1 | (14.6, 33.5) | 12 | 14.8 | (7.1, 22.6) | 0.16 |
| Has immunosuppressive condition d | 12 | 2.6 | (1.2, 4.1) | 3 | 3.8 | (0.0, 8.0) | 0 | 0.26 | ||
| Self‐rated general health status good or better | 450 | 99.3 | (98.6, 100) | 76 | 96.2 | (92.0, 100) | 78 | 96.3 | (92.2, 100) | 0.02 |
| Occupational category c | 0.03 | |||||||||
| Clinical professional | 310 | 68.6 | (64.3, 72.9) | 42 | 53.2 | (42.1, 64.2) | 43 | 53.7 | (42.8, 64.7) | |
| Physician | 61 | 13.5 | (10.3, 16.7) | 7 | 8.9 | (2.6, 15.1) | 1 | 1.3 | (0.0, 3.7) | |
| Dentist | 0 | 0.0 | — | 2 | 2.5 | (0.0, 6.0) | 0 | 0.0 | — | |
| Nurse practitioner | 8 | 1.8 | (0.5, 3.0) | 3 | 3.8 | (0.0, 8.0) | 0 | 0.0 | — | |
| Physician assistant | 4 | 0.9 | (0.0, 1.7) | 0 | 0.0 | — | 0 | 0.0 | — | |
| Nurse or midwife | 177 | 39.1 | (34.6, 43.7) | 18 | 22.8 | (13.5, 32.1) | 30 | 37.5 | (26.9, 48.1) | |
| Allied health professional e | 52 | 11.5 | (8.5, 14.5) | 11 | 13.9 | (6.3, 21.6) | 11 | 13.7 | (6.2, 21.3) | |
| Pharmacist | 8 | 1.8 | (0.5, 3.0) | 1 | 1.3 | (0.0, 3.7) | 1 | 1.3 | (0.0, 3.7) | |
| Clinical paraprofessional | 59 | 13.1 | (9.9, 16.2) | 16 | 20.3 | (11.4, 29.1) | 13 | 16.3 | (8.1, 24.3) | |
| Technicians | 44 | 9.7 | (7.0, 12.5) | 12 | 15.2 | (7.3, 23.1) | 9 | 11.3 | (4.3, 18.2) | |
| Medical assistant | 15 | 3.3 | (1.7, 5.0) | 4 | 5.1 | (0.2, 9.9) | 4 | 5.0 | (0.2, 9.8) | |
| Nonclinical support staff | 62 | 13.7 | (10.5, 16.9) | 18 | 22.8 | (13.5, 32.1) | 19 | 23.7 | (14.4, 33.1) | |
| Front desk and administrative staff | 38 | 8.4 | (5.8, 11.0) | 13 | 16.5 | (8.2, 24.7) | 10 | 12.5 | (5.2, 19.8) | |
| Research personnel | 24 | 5.3 | (3.2, 7.4) | 5 | 6.3 | (0.9, 11.7) | 9 | 11.3 | (4.3, 18.1) | |
| Other personnel | 21 | 4.6 | (2.7, 6.6) | 3 | 3.8 | (0.0, 8.0) | 5 | 6.3 | (0.9, 11.6) | |
| Frequency of vaccination f | <0.001 | |||||||||
| Consistent vaccinator | 453 | 100.0 | — | 32 | 40.5 | (29.7, 51.4) | 22 | 27.2 | (17.4, 36.9) | |
| Inconsistent vaccinator | 0 | 0.0 | — | 47 | 59.5 | (48.6, 70.3) | 59 | 72.8 | (63.1, 82.5) | |
| 4/5 seasons | 0 | 0.0 | — | 47 | 59.5 | (48.6, 70.3) | 9 | 11.1 | (4.2, 18.0) | |
| <4/5 seasons | 0 | 0.0 | — | 0 | 0.0 | — | 50 | 61.7 | (51.1, 72.3) | |
Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval.
High degree of agreement were individuals with zero discrepancy, moderate had one discrepancy, and low agreement had two or more discrepancies over the preceding five seasons.
P value derived from chi‐squared test for categorical variables and Kruskal–Wallis test for continuous variables.
One individual missing sex, four missing race/ethnicity, and two missing occupation.
Immunosuppressive conditions included a diagnosis of cancer with chemotherapy or radiation treatment, organ transplant, diagnosis of autoimmune disease, HIV or AIDS, or lymphopenia.
Includes therapists, nutritionists, phlebotomists, social workers, and psychologists.
A consistent vaccinator was defined as a participant who received an influenza vaccine all five seasons based on information in their HR, EMR, or vaccine register; an “inconsistent” vaccinator missed an influenza vaccination for at least one season during the five seasons preceding interview.