Fig. 7. TMP reduces CCl₄-mediated mtDNA enrichment in serum EVs and ameliorates mtDNA-induced hepatic injury.

Mice were administered different serum EVs via tail vein injection for one time. a Experimental protocol. b AST and ALT levels in serum. c Representative images of H&E staining. Scale bar = 100 µm. Relative mRNA levels of d Gpx6, Gstt1, Gstm2, Gstt2, f Tgfb1, Acta2, Col1a1, Loxl2, g Mmp14, Timp1, Il1b, and Tnfa were determined by qPCR and normalized using Hprt1 as an internal control. e Copy numbers of 12S, 16S, and COXI were determined by qPCR and normalized with µl of serum. Statistical significance: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, compared with SEV-Ct; ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01, ^###P < 0.001, compared with SEV-CCl₄ group (n = 6).