Fig. 8. Transplant of serum EVs derived from TMP-administered mice slows down the progression of chronic liver fibrosis.

Mice were treated with CCl₄ or olive oil once a week for 3 weeks and then administered different serum EVs via tail vein injection two times. a Experimental protocol. b AST and ALT levels in serum. c Representative images of H&E and Masson’s Trichrome staining. Scale bar = 100 µm. Relative mRNA levels of d Acta2, Col1a1, Loxl2, Mmp14, e Gpx3, Gpx6, Gstt1, and Gstt2 were determined by qPCR and normalized using Hprt1 as an internal control. f Schematic diagram of the proposed mechanism underlying the hepatoprotective effects of TMP on oxidative stress in hepatocytes, HSC activation and fibrotic response during liver fibrosis. Statistical significance: *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001, compared with SEV-Ct; ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01, ^###P < 0.001, compared with SEV-CCl₄ group (n = 6).