Table 4.

A literature review of published studies regarding cardiac MRI findings of MIS-C patients

Article	Age	Number of patients performed MR/number of total patients	MR findings	The time of MRI	Study design	Hospital
Bermejo et al.[40]	Median age: 8 years	20/44	2 patients: Late gadolinium enhancement	27 ± 14 days		Royal Brompton Hospital Sydney Street London, UK
Biko et al. [41]	Mean ± SD: 9.7 ± 3.97	1/10	No findings consistent with myocarditis, myocardial edema, and normal myocardial delayed enhancement and T1 mapping	Acute phase	Retrospective	Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia or an affiliated hospital
Blondiaux et al. [32]	Mean ± SD: 9 ± 3 years	4/8	T1 mapping values and T2-STIR ratio suggesting myocardial hyperemia and edema	3 patient: Acute phase, 1 patient: Recovery phase (14 days after discharge)	Retrospective	Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
Capone et al. [34]	Median age: 8.5 years	11/50	None of the patients: persistent edema or fibrosis	2–4 weeks after discharge	Cohort study	Cohen Children’s Medical Center, New York
Domínguez et al. [21]	Median age: 8 years	12/37	7 patients: Myocardial edema, 5 patients: Pericardial effusion and 3 patients: Decreased left ventricular function	Between 5 and 100 days after symptom onset	Retrospective	Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
Dove et al. [25]	Median age: 11.3 years	51/51	Two patients: Late gadolinium enhancement, 10 patients: Isolated elevated T1 values	The median time of 105 days after diagnosis	Retrospective	Emory University School of Medicine,
Jain et al. [46]	Mean ± SD: 8.7 ± 5.5 years	1/3	Myocardial edema	On day 6	Case series	Maria Fareri Children’s Hospital at Westchester Medical Center, New York
Matsubara et al. [24]	Mean ± SD: 10 ± 4.3 years	15/60	Two patients in the subacute phase who had evidence of myocardial edema (1 focal, 1 global)	Five patients: During the subacute phase (median, 8 days), 9 patients: During follow-up period (median, 162 days)	Retrospective	Institutional Review Boards of Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, and St. Peter’s University Hospital
Minocha et al. [42]	Median age: 2.8 years	1/33	1 patient: Myocarditis	Acute phase	Retrospective	Hassenfeld Children’s Hospital at NYU Langone and Bellevue Hospital Center
Palabiyik et al. [39]	Median age: 7.68 years	1/45	1 patient: Decrease in the pericardial effusion and systolic functions and an increase in cardiac dimensions	Acute phase	Retrospective	Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital
Prieto et al. [43]	Median age: 7 years	5/5	No myocardial edema or enhancement abnormalities	Median day after admission:16 day, [9–17]	Case series	Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
Sirico et al. [44]	Mean ± SD: 8.1 ± 4 years	17/23	1 patient: LV edema, 6 patients: Left ventricle late gadolinium enhancement) 2 patients: Pericardial effusion	Within 19 days	Retrospective	Women’s and Children’s Health (W&CHD) of Padua University Hospital, Italy
Tannoury et al. [22]	Mean ± SD: 11 ± 5.5 years	1/4	Minimal myocarditis area in the mid inferior septum and mid inferior wall	3.5 months	A case series	American University of Beirut Medical Center
Theocharis et al. [20]	Mean ± SD: 10.6 ± 3.8 years	20/20	13 patients: EF normal, 3 patients: Borderline EF, 4 patients: EF < 50%, 10 patients: Myocardial edema	Median day 20 [11–29 days]	Retrospective	Evelina London Children’s Hospital
Webster et al. [23]	Mean ± SD 13.8 ± 2.2	6/6	Biventricular size and function were normal	61 days	Prospective	Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago
Valverde et al. [19]	Median age: 8.4 years	42/286	14 patients (33.3%): T2 hyperintensity, 10 patients (23.8%): pericardial effusion, 6 patients (14.3%): Late gadolinium enhancement	During hospitalization		55 participating European hospitals