Table 1.

Demographic and clinical characteristics of study sample.

Characteristic	Total sample (N = 546)	Study centers			Age group
	Mean ±SEM or %	Boston (N = 346)	Iowa City (N = 165)	Lisbon (N = 35)	<65 (N = 442)	≥65 (N = 104)
		Mean ±SEM or %	Mean ±SEM or %	Mean ±SEM or %	Mean ±SEM or %	Mean ±SEM or %
Age group					N.A.	N.A.
<65 years-old	80.9	79.8	82.4	85.7
≥65 years-old	19.1	20.2	17.6	14.3
Age	49.2 ± 0.7	50.1 ± 0.8	47.6 ± 1.3	48.6 ± 2.8	44.3 ± 0.6	70.4 ± 0.4
Sex (% female)	58.6	59.4	58.5	51.4	59.8	53.9
Depression
Unipolar	92.9	88.8	100.0	80.0	92.8	93.2
Bipolar	7.1	11.2	0.0	20.0	7.2	6.8
Stimulation side (% left)	91.3	89.1	96.4	88.6	91.6	90.2
Study protocol
1 Hz rTMS	8.4	10.8	3.6	11.4	8.3	9.0
10 Hz rTMS	41.2	44.8	43.6	0.0	38.9	51.7
18 Hz rTMS	0.6	1.0	0.0	0.0	0.3	2.3
20 Hz rTMS	25.6	43.4	0.0	0.0	27.6	16.9
iTBS	4.2	0.0	52.7	88.6	25.1	20.2
Stimulation device
Magstim	46.7	73.7	0.0	0.0	46.6	47.1
Neuronetics	16.7	26.3	0.0	0.0	15.8	20.2
Magventure	36.6	0.0	100.0	100.0	37.6	32.7
Pulses per treatment	1,929.0 ± 44.1	2,231.0 ± 40.9	1,669.1 ± 91.9	668.6 ± 32.7	1,885.2 ± 48.5	2,125.4 ± 103.6
Baseline HAMDa	21.0 ± 0.4	21.0 ± 0.4	N.A.	N.A.	22.1 ± 0.5	21.4 ± 0.7
Baseline MADRSa	28.7 ± 0.5	N.A.	29.4 ± 0.5	25.4 ± 1.5	28.6 ± 0.6	29.1 ± 1.4
Baseline BDIb	29.3 ± 0.6	29.5 ± 0.6	N.A.	28.1 ± 1.9	29.9 ± 0.6	26.9 ± 1.3
Baseline PHQ9b	17.8 ± 0.4	N.A.	17.8 ± 0.4	N.A.	18.0 ± 0.4	17.0 ± 1.0

BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; HAMD, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; Hz, Hertz; iTBS, Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation; MADRS, Montgomery–Åsberg depression rating scale; N, number of subjects; N.A., non-applicable; PHQ9, Patient Health Questionnaire; rTMS, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation; SEM, standard error of the mean.

^aHAMD was used to assess clinitian-rated depression severity in Boston while MADRS was used in Iowa city and Lisbon.

^bBDI was used to assess self-reported depression severity in Boston and Lisbon while PHQ9 was used in Iowa city.