Table 2.

Statistical models of antidepressant response across transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment.

Independent variable	Percentage reduction of self-report depression severity				Absolute difference of BDI scores from baseline				Absolute difference of PHQ9 scores from baseline
	Non-adjusted		Adjusteda		Non-adjusted		Adjusteda		Non-adjusted		Adjusteda
	ß ±SEM	p -value	ß ±SEM	p -value	ß ±SEM	p -value	ß ±SEM	p -value	ß ±SEM	p -value	ß ±SEM	p -value
Age group	2.8 ± 3.6	0.4	3.6 ± 4.1	0.4	−1.3 ± 0.6	0.04	−1.4 ± 0.7	0.06	0.8 ± 0.5	0.1	0.7 ± 0.5	0.2
Week	−7.8 ± 0.8	<0.0001	−7.8 ± 0.9	<0.0001	−2.8 ± 0.2	<0.0001	−2.9 ± 0.2	<0.0001	−1.1 ± 0.1	<0.0001	−1.1 ± 0.1	<0.0001
Age group x Week	5.5 ± 1.9	0.003	6.0 ± 2.1	0.005	1.4 ± 0.4	<0.0001	1.4 ± 0.4	0.001	0.002 ± 0.2	1.0	−0.0007 ± 0.2	1.0
Sex (Ref.: Female)	N.A.	N.A.	−1.4 ± 3.2	0.7	N.A.	N.A.	0.3 ± 0.4	0.4	N.A.	N.A.	−0.1 ± 0.4	0.8
TMS Device (Ref.: Magstim)	N.A.	N.A.			N.A.	N.A.	–		N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
Neuronetics			−2.4 ± 4.6	0.6			0.06 ± 0.5	0.9
Magventure			−5.5 ± 8.6	0.5			1.2 ± 2.0	0.6
Stimulation side (Ref.: Right)	N.A.	N.A.	6.3 ± 23.7	0.8	N.A.	N.A.	1.9 ± 2.6	0.5	N.A.	N.A.	0.5 ± 1.0	0.6
Stim. protocol (Ref.: 1Hz rTMS)	N.A.	N.A.			N.A.	N.A.			N.A.	N.A.
10 Hz rTMS			−2.3 ± 56.4	0.9			−1.8 ± 2.6	0.5			−0.9 ± 0.5	0.07
18 Hz rTMS			−6.6 ± 34.2	0.8			−1.8 ± 3.4	0.6			N.A.	N.A.
20 Hz rTMS			−8.2 ± 24.2	0.7			−2.1 ± 2.7	0.4			N.A.	N.A.
iTBS			−5.4 ± 39.3	0.9			−3.6 ± 3.2	0.3			Omittedd	Omitteddd
Site (Ref.: Boston)	N.A.	N.A.			N.A.	N.A.			N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
Iowa City			2.0 ± 6.5	0.8			N.A.	N.A.
Lisbon			Omittedb	Omittedb			Omittedb	Omittedb
Year of treatment	N.A.	N.A.	−0.2 ± 0.8	0.8	N.A.	N.A.	−0.004 ± 0.09	1.0	N.A.	N.A.	−0.2 ± 0.2	0.3
Pulses per treatment	N.A.	N.A.	−0.002 ± 0.04	1.0	N.A.	N.A.	Omittedc	Omittedc	N.A.	N.A.	Omittede	Omittede
Baseline BDI	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	−0.03 ± 0.02	0.09	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
Baseline PHQ9	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	−0.07 ± 0.03	0.06

BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; Hz, Hertz; iTBS, Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation; N.A., not applicable; PHQ9, Patient Health Questionnaire; Ref., Reference; rTMS, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation; SEM, standard error of the mean; Stim., stimulation; TMS, transcranial magnetic stimulation.

^aModels are adjusted for potential confounding effects of sex, TMS device, stimulation side, stimulation protocol (1Hz, 10Hz, 18Hz, or 20Hz rTMS or iTBS), treatment site, year of treatment, total number of pulses per treatment.

^bOmitted because of collinearity with TMS device.

^cOmitted because of collinearity with stimulation protocol and study center.

^dOmitted because of collinearity with stimulation side.

^eOmitted because of collinearity with stimulation protocol.