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. 2022 Jul 19;9:770065. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.770065

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Copyright © 2022 Chakrabarti, Bhattacharya, Gebere, Johnson, Ayub, Chatzistamou, Vyavahare and Azhar.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Partial genetic inactivation of Tgfb1 and Smad3 inhibits AV calcification in 10–12-week-old Kl^–/– mice. (A–H) Alizarin red staining of aortic valve in wild-type (A,E), Kl^–^/^– (B,F), Kl^–^/^–;Tgfb1^± (C,G), and Kl^–^/^–;Smad3^± (D,H) mice. Images (E–H) are the magnified views of the corresponding boxed region (A–D). Scale bars = (A–D), 200 μm; (E–F), 50 μm. (I) Quantitative analysis of calcification. Quantification of calcification was done on multiple serial sections from each animal per group by using NIH-Image J software. Values indicate mean ± SD, and significant “p-values” were given on the top of histograms.