Table 1.

List of the WHO approved vaccine for emergency use.

Vaccine type	No.	Scientific name	Manufacturer	Specification	Side effects	Approved	Doses	efficacy	Country	Reference
mRNA	1	BNT162b2	Pfizer-BionTech	A lipid nanoparticle-formulated, nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccine encoding the prefusion spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2	Fatigue, headache, muscle pain, chills, myocarditis and pericarditis	31 December 2020	2 doses 21 days apart	95–87.5%	USA	[99], [100]
	2	mRNA-1273SPIKEVAX	Moderna	Based on mRNA and is a cutting- edge approach that uses genetically engineered RNA to generate a protein that itself safely prompts an immune response.	Pain at the injection site, nausea, vomiting, fever, fatigue, myocarditis and pericarditis	30 April 2021	2 doses 28 days apart	94.1%	USA	[101]
Viral vector	3	ChAdOx1-S or AZD1222 or Vaxzevria	Astra-Zeneca/Oxford	Based on Adenovirus Viral vector vaccines use a virus that has been genetically engineered so that it cannot cause disease but produces coronavirus proteins to safely generate an immune response.	Rare cases of blood clots and Guillain-Barré syndrome [GBS]	15 February 2021	2 doses 4–12 weeks apart	70%	UK	[99], [102]
	4	Ad.26. COV2. S or JNJ- 78436725	Janssen (Johnson & Johnson)	Is a recombinant, replication-incompetent adenovirus serotype 26 (Ad26) vector vaccine, encoding the stabilized prefusion spike glycoprotein of virus	Rare case of blood clots, thrombocytopenia and Guillain-Barré syndrome [GBS]	12 March 2021	1 dose	72–57%	USA	[99], [103]
Inactivated	5	BBIBP-CorV Sinopharm	Beijing Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd. (BIBP)	Inactivated virus (HB02 strain) vaccine that introduces a dead copy of SARS-CoV-2 into the body	Pain at the vaccination site, fatigue, lethargy, headache and tenderness	7 May 2021	2 doses 14–12 days apart	79%	China	[104]
	6	CoronaVac	Sinovac	Inactivated or weakened virus (CZ02 strain) vaccines are based on a form of the virus that has been inactivated or weakened so that it does not cause disease but is still able to generate an immune response.	Injection site reactions, included fatigue, diarrhea, and muscle pain	1 June 2021	2 doses 14 days apart	65.9%	China	[105]
	7	COVAXIN	Bharat Biotech	Whole virion inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine	Pain at the injection site, followed by headache, fever, and fatigue	3 November 2021	2 doses 4 weeks apart	78%	India	[106], [107], [108]
Recombinant nanoparticle and virus-like particle	8	COVOVAX	Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd	(SARS-CoV-2 rS Protein Nanoparticle [Recombinant])		17 December 2021			India	[109]
	9	NVX-CoV2373 NUVAXOVID	Novavax	SARS-CoV-2 rS [Recombinant, adjuvanted]. Synthetic nanoparticle coated with trimer spike protein with matrix M adjuvant	Injection-site tenderness, fever, headache, muscle pain, and fatigue	20 December 2021	2 doses 21 days apart	89.7%	Czech Republic	[110]